Question 1

Describe the cellular processes associated with apoptosis.

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Question 2

Citing experimental evidence, describe how the synaptic targets of developing neurons regulate cell death.

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Question 3

Explain how newly born cells are guided from their point of origin to their final destinations in the nervous system.

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Question 4

Review the major neurotrophic factors and their roles in neuronal development, in terms of both survival and connections.

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Question 5

Give a chronology of the myelination of the human brain and relate this process to behavioral observations of infants.

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Question 6

Discuss briefly the process by which knockout mice are developed and the advantages and disadvantages of using these animals for research.

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Question 7

Discuss the process of synaptic rearrangement. Base your discussion on the example of motor neuron innervation of muscles.

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Question 8

Describe the molecular basis and the behavioral symptoms of fragile X syndrome and the manner in which it is transmitted.

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Question 9

Give an overview of experimental results that support Sperry's chemoaffinity hypothesis. In the case of the innervation of the optic tectum of frogs by retinal fibers, how are these connections "fine-tuned"?

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Question 10

Describe the treatment for amblyopia in children, noting when this procedure must be carried out and why it cannot be carried out later in life.

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Question 11

Using an example, discuss how experiences other than visual stimuli can affect neural development.

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Question 12

Describe the molecular basis for Rett syndrome and the experimental evidence that shows the syndrome is probably restricted to problems with microglia in the brain.

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Question 13

Discuss the observations that would likely result from microscopic examination of cortical tissue samples from an Alzheimer's patient.

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Question 14

Discuss recent advances in our understanding of the genetic contributions to Alzheimer's disease and the relevance of these findings for predicting individual risk for this disease.

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Question 15

Write a coherent and informative paragraph incorporating each of the following terms or concepts: ectoderm; neural groove; neural crest; neural tube; rhombencephalon; mesencephalon; prosencephalon

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