Question 1

Brandt is very muscular, but thin. This makes him feel like a weakling when he's around his bodybuilder friends at the gym. He feels this way because of his

Accepted Answer

B

Question 2

Kerry tends to take the initiative in beginning relationships with others and also tends to show affection to others. This is likely due to Kerry's

Accepted Answer

High self-esteem often leads individuals to be more confident in social interactions, making them more likely to initiate relationships and express affection.

Question 3

Mary tends to think of herself as shy, thoughtful, serious and compassionate. These characteristics are known as

Accepted Answer

Social traits describe characteristics that relate to how an individual interacts with or is perceived by others in social contexts. Mary's self-description of being shy, thoughtful, serious, and compassionate directly relates to her social behavior and how she likely interacts with others, fitting the definition of social traits.

Question 4

James regards being a father to his new-born twins as the most important thing about him. He is therefore emphasizing one of his

Accepted Answer

Being a father to his new-born twins is considered a social role, as it describes a set of behaviors, obligations, and rights that James identifies with in the context of his social environment and family structure.

Question 5

Ashley considers herself as someone fearful of public speaking. She is asked to speak to the school board about a new project she's working on. When she speaks to the school board, she is nervous and stumbles on her words. This is likely because

Accepted Answer

Ashley's self-concept as someone who is fearful of public speaking likely influenced her communication behavior, leading to nervousness and stumbling over words during her presentation to the school board.

Question 6

Jared describes himself as a thin, muscular, and talented surfer. His friend Joseph also surfs and affirms that Jared is a good surfer. Jared feels good about his body because being thin and muscular is considered a norm in surfing culture. Which part(s) of this description convey(s) Jared's self-concept?

Accepted Answer

Jared's self-concept is reflected in how he views and describes himself, which is directly stated in option C where he describes himself as a thin, muscular, and talented surfer.

Question 7

Janet knows her job very well. She considers herself an expert in her field. As a result, she is frequently able to help her co-workers. Even when someone has trouble understanding an idea, Janet doesn't think poorly of them. Taking all this into account, chances are Janet

Accepted Answer

Janet's confidence in her expertise and willingness to help others without judgment suggests she has high self-esteem. This is indicated by her self-perception as an expert and her positive approach to assisting co-workers.

Question 8

People with _______ are less willing to communicate, more likely to be critical of others and expect rejection from them, and more likely to be critical of their own performances and perform poorly when being watched.

Accepted Answer

People with low self-esteem often exhibit these behaviors due to their lack of confidence and negative self-perception, which affects their willingness to communicate, their expectations of rejection, and their performance under observation.

Question 9

The term _______ describes how we develop an image of ourselves from the way we think others view us.

Accepted Answer

Reflected appraisal is the process by which individuals develop an image of themselves based on how they believe others view them. This concept suggests that our self-image is, in part, a reflection of how we think others perceive us.

Question 10

A _______ occurs when a person's expectation of an outcome, and their subsequent behavior, make the outcome more likely to occur than would otherwise have been the case.

Accepted Answer

A self-fulfilling prophecy is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true, due to the positive feedback between belief and behavior.

Question 11

Ashley gives a speech to the school board and stumbles on her words. The next time she speaks to the school board, she expects to stumble on her words again, which makes her nervous. Her nervousness causes her to stumble on her words again. This is likely the result of

Accepted Answer

This scenario is an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy, where Ashley's expectation of stumbling on her words increases her nervousness, which in turn causes her to stumble again, thereby fulfilling her own prediction.

Question 12

Lorie has a teacher whose opinion she highly values. This shows the importance of a

Accepted Answer

A significant other in the context of social psychology refers to someone whose opinions are important to us and can influence our self-concept and self-esteem. Lorie valuing her teacher's opinion indicates that the teacher is a significant other in her life.

Question 13

Significant others have a notably prominent role in the formation of

Accepted Answer

Reflected appraisal is a process where individuals form an image of themselves based on how they believe others view them. Significant others, such as family members, close friends, or partners, play a crucial role in this process because their opinions and perceptions can significantly influence an individual's self-image and self-esteem.

Question 14

Mass media, significant others, expectations, and _______ are some of the factors influencing people's sense of self.

Accepted Answer

Culture significantly influences people's sense of self by shaping their beliefs, behaviors, and values.

Question 15

Rosa is from Honduras. Her upbringing there has greatly influenced the person she is today. Her father was also a great influence. He was stoic and brave and as a result she is too. Her father believed in her and encouraged her to be brave in the face of adversity. Now she believes she can be brave in almost any situation, and that confidence usually results in her success. Which part of this description conveys reflected appraisal?

Accepted Answer

Reflected appraisal refers to the process by which a person forms their self-image based on how they believe others perceive them. In this case, Rosa's belief in her own bravery and abilities stems from her father's belief in her, making option D the correct answer.

Question 16

Esperanza was predicted and expected to do poorly in a math class. At the end of the semester, Esperanza got an F in math. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when a belief or expectation leads to behavior that causes the belief to become true. In this case, the prediction of Esperanza doing poorly might have influenced behaviors or attitudes that led to the poor performance, fulfilling the initial prediction.

Question 17

Psychologists call the process of attaching meaning to behavior

Accepted Answer

Attribution is the process by which individuals explain the causes of behavior and events. Psychologists study attribution to understand how people interpret their own behavior and the behavior of others.

Question 18

The tendency for us to judge ourselves in the most generous terms possible is called

Accepted Answer

Self-serving bias is the tendency to attribute positive events to one's own character but attribute negative events to external factors. It's a common type of cognitive bias that allows individuals to preserve their self-esteem.

Question 19

Judy interviewed a recent college graduate named Steve who was perfectly qualified for the job, but she didn't hire him because he had a bit of a stutter. In this case, Judy was

Accepted Answer

Judy was more influenced by the negative trait (Steve's stutter) despite his qualifications, indicating a bias towards the negative aspect over the positive qualifications.

Question 20

LaTonya is on a date with Dan. Dan has been polite and kind the whole night. He looks at her when she speaks and really seems to care about what she has to say. At the end of the night, he sneezes into his hand rather than in a napkin. Although LaTonya does this herself quite often, she suddenly decides she won't go out with him again. This is likely because

Accepted Answer

This scenario illustrates the psychological concept that we often judge ourselves more charitably than we do others. Even though LaTonya sneezes into her hand quite often, she judges Dan more harshly for the same action.

Quiz 2: The Self, Perception, and Communication