Question 1

Research suggests that as self-awareness decreases ________ will likely increase.
A) evaluation apprehension
B) performance
C) deindividuation
D) social facilitation

Accepted Answer

Research has found that as self-awareness decreases (such as in situations where individuals are in a large group and feel anonymous), deindividuation tends to increase. Deindividuation is a state where individuals lose their sense of individual identity and become more immersed in the group, leading to decreased self-evaluation, reduced inhibitions, and an increased likelihood of impulsive or irrational behavior.

Question 2

The three antecedent conditions associated with deindividuation are anonymity,arousal and_________.
A) increased feelings of responsibility
B) reduced feelings of responsibility
C) anti-social personality tendencies
D) poor impulse control

Accepted Answer

Deindividuation involves reduced feelings of responsibility due to anonymity and heightened arousal, which can lead to a loss of personal or social norms. Option A is incorrect because increased feelings of responsibility would be expected to reduce deindividuation. Options C and D do not directly relate to the three antecedent conditions of deindividuation.

Question 3

_________ the personal importance of a task will _________social loafing.
A) Increasing; increase
B) Increasing; decrease
C) Changing; not affect
D) Decreasing; decrease

Accepted Answer

Increasing the personal importance of a task will decrease social loafing because individuals are more motivated to contribute when they believe their contributions are valuable and necessary.

Question 4

The concept of __________ may help explain why big crowds of people engage in violent acts that they would normally never commit on their own.
A) social facilitation
B) social loafing
C) deindividuation
D) evaluation apprehension

Accepted Answer

Deindividuation is the concept that when individuals are in a large group, they may lose their sense of individual identity and feel more anonymous. This can lead to a decrease in inhibitions and an increase in impulsive and aggressive behavior.

Question 5

Kristen spends as little time as possible on a group paper that is due at the end of the semester because she knows that her teacher will not be able to tell how much she has contributed.Kristen's behavior is an example of:
A) social facilitation.
B) deindiviudation.
C) social loafing.
D) diffusion of responsibility.

Accepted Answer

Social loafing refers to the tendency of individuals to exert less effort in a group task because they believe that their individual contributions are not noticeable. This is exactly the behavior exhibited by Kristen in the scenario provided.

Question 6

Robert has been found guilty by a jury of his peers.Based on research presented in your textbook,a juror leaning towards a lighter sentence would recommend ______years in prison after deliberating with like-minded jurors.
A) more
B) less
C) the same
D) slightly more

Accepted Answer

According to the research presented in the textbook, when jurors who are leaning towards a lighter sentence deliberate with like-minded jurors, they tend to recommend a shorter sentence than if they had deliberated alone or with jurors who are leaning towards a harsher sentence. This is known as the "law of group polarization." Therefore, the juror in this scenario would likely recommend a sentence that is less than what they would have recommended on their own.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a solution to social loafing?
A) Making each group member's contributions identifiable.
B) Increasing the importance of the task.
C) Increase each group member's level of commitment.
D) Making group members anonymous to one another.

Accepted Answer

Making group members anonymous to one another actually contributes to social loafing, as individuals are less likely to feel accountable for their contributions. The other options (identifiable contributions, importance of task, and commitment) all increase accountability and motivation, reducing social loafing.

Question 8

A boss wants to decrease social loafing in his company.Which of the following strategies would be most effective?
A) Every other week provide a free lunch to recognize the hard work of the entire group.
B) Every other week provide a free lunch to promote camaraderie.
C) Every Friday have each worker submit their own list of work he or she has completed.
D) Place less emphasis on the importance of a task and encourage workers to do their best.

Accepted Answer

Having workers submit their own list of work completed every week puts accountability on individuals and reduces the opportunity to free ride on the work of others. Free lunches (options A and B) may promote camaraderie but may not address the specific issue of social loafing. Option D does not provide a clear solution to address social loafing.

Question 9

The association between deindiviudation and self-awareness can be characterized as:
A) curvilinear.
B) positive.
C) negative.
D) non-significant.

Accepted Answer

The association between deindividuation and self-awareness is negative, as deindividuation results in reduced self-awareness. This has been shown in numerous studies, such as the famous Stanford Prison Experiment, where participants became deindividuated and lost their sense of self-awareness, leading to abusive behavior.

Question 10

You are attending a school football game with thousands of other college students.The official makes a bad call and people begin to protest by throwing things onto the field.You begin to follow the crowd and throw things as well.Your behavior illustrates an example of_______.
A) deindividuation
B) social loafing
C) distraction conflict theory
D) social facilitation

Accepted Answer

Deindividuation refers to the loss of personal identity and individual accountability when in a large group. This can lead to conformity to group norms and behaviors that an individual would not typically engage in if left to their own devices. In this scenario, the individual is likely feeling empowered and emboldened by the collective action of the crowd, leading to their participation in throwing objects onto the field.

Question 11

In a study conducted by Zimbardo and colleagues,participants were directed to decide how much shock to administer to another 'subject' in the study.Participants either wore hoods that obscured their face or remained uncovered.Researchers found that:
A) participants who were not wearing hoods would have administered four times as much shock as those wearing hoods.
B) participants who wore hoods would have administered twice as much shock as those who were not wearing hoods.
C) participants who were not wearing hoods would have administered twice as much shock as those who were wearing hoods.
D) participants with and without hoods would have administered the same level of shock.

Accepted Answer

Participants who wore hoods administered twice as much shock as those who were not wearing hoods, demonstrating the effect of anonymity on aggressive behavior.

Question 12

If an employer wanted to prevent employees,who might be dissatisfied with a new policy,from developing even stronger negative attitudes towards this policy,what could he do?
A) Encourage employees to discuss the new policy with one another.
B) Allow employees to express their frustrations with the policy.
C) Try to prevent the employees from discussing the new policy with one another.
D) Provide incentives for good performance.

Accepted Answer

Preventing employees from discussing the new policy with one another can help prevent the spread of negative attitudes and the development of stronger negative attitudes towards the policy.

Question 13

Greg and his like-minded friends are discussing their views on the issue of gay marriage.After spending time sharing reasons gay marriage should be legal,their views become even stronger in support of gay rights.This example best illustrates the phenomenon of:
A) the risky group effect.
B) group polarization.
C) groupthink.
D) group facilitation.

Accepted Answer

Group polarization occurs when a group of individuals with similar beliefs or opinions discuss a topic and their views become more extreme and polarized in the same direction. In this case, Greg and his like-minded friends had a discussion about gay marriage and their views became stronger in support of gay rights, which is an example of group polarization. The other options, risky group effect, groupthink, and group facilitation, do not fit the scenario described in the question.

Question 14

________ refers to the tendency for people to take greater risks than individuals would alone.
A) Group polarization
B) Risky shift
C) Deindividuation
D) Group transfer effect

Accepted Answer

Risky shift is the tendency for individuals to take greater risks when in a group compared to when they are alone. The group context may encourage individuals to adopt riskier courses of action due to factors such as diffusion of responsibility or social comparison.

Question 15

____________ refers to the tendency of an attitude to become magnified within a group after members discuss an issue among themselves.
A) Group transfer effect
B) Groupthink
C) Group polarization
D) Group facilitation

Accepted Answer

Group polarization is the tendency for a group's attitude to become more extreme in the same direction as the initial attitude held by the group members after they have discussed the issue among themselves, and it can lead to an amplification of the initial attitude. Group transfer effect refers to the previous learning and experiences that a group member brings to a new group or situation. Groupthink refers to a phenomenon where a group of people make decisions without considering all alternatives or consequences. Group facilitation refers to the phenomenon where people perform better on simple tasks and worse on complex tasks when in the presence of others.

Question 16

Risky shift is somewhat related to social loafing in that both involve:
A) taking chances.
B) slacking off.
C) less accountability on the part of the individual.
D) an increase in physical arousal.

Accepted Answer

Both risky shift and social loafing involve a decrease in individual accountability. In risky shift, individuals are more likely to take risks in a group setting because they feel less responsible for the outcomes of their decisions. In social loafing, individuals may slack off or contribute less effort in a group setting because they feel less accountable for the overall performance of the group. Neither of these phenomena necessarily involve taking chances or an increase in physical arousal.

Question 17

One reason social loafing may occur is because:
A) people experience increased self-awareness.
B) people are lazy.
C) people feel increased pressure to perform.
D) people feel less responsible for an outcome when other people are present to carry the burden of the task.

Accepted Answer

Social loafing is the tendency for individuals to exert less effort when working in a group than when working alone. This occurs because individuals feel less responsible for the outcome of the task when others are present and can potentially carry the burden of the task.

Question 18

Researchers have found that __________is present in terrorist organizations.
A) group polarization
B) social loafing
C) social facilitation
D) evaluation apprehension

Accepted Answer

Group polarization refers to the phenomenon where group discussions tend to make individuals adopt more extreme positions than they initially held. In the context of terrorist organizations, group polarization can lead to increased radicalization and commitment to violent ideologies. Research has shown that extremist groups often use group polarization techniques to strengthen the cohesion of their members and reinforce their shared beliefs. Therefore, option A is the best choice as it aligns with the behavior observed in terrorist organizations.

Question 19

Which of the following individuals would you predict is most susceptible to deindividuation?
A) Tom, who is dressed in a Halloween costume and on his way to a party.
B) Dawn, who is walking down a street and can see her reflection in store windows.
C) Jill, who is delivering a speech to a crowd of people.
D) Todd, a store manager who is helping a customer.

Accepted Answer

Deindividuation occurs when individuals lose their sense of individual identity and become more anonymous within a group. Tom, who is dressed in a Halloween costume and on his way to a party, is more likely to experience deindividuation because he is in a costume and surrounded by others who are also likely in costume or engaging in Halloween-related activities. This can lead to a loss of inhibitions and increased impulsivity. Dawn seeing her reflection in store windows and Todd helping a customer, are not situations that are likely to lead to deindividuation. Jill delivering a speech may lead to increased self-awareness and a greater sense of individual identity.

Question 20

According to the social identity deindividuation (SIDE)model,why does the phenomenon of deindividuation occur?
A) Because there is a loss of identity.
B) Because there is a loss of self awareness.
C) Because there is increased arousal.
D) Because there is a shift from identification with oneself to identification with the group.

Accepted Answer

The SIDE model proposes that deindividuation occurs when individuals shift from identifying with themselves to identifying with the group, leading to a reduction in self-awareness and increased arousal. This can result in a loss of personal identity and a focus on the norms and values of the group, potentially leading to changes in behavior and increased conformity.

Quiz 9: The Power of the Group

Research suggests that as self-awareness decreases ________ will likely increase.

The three antecedent conditions associated with deindividuation are anonymity,arousal and_________.

_ the personal importance of a task will _social loafing.

The concept of __________ may help explain why big crowds of people engage in violent acts that they would normally never commit on their own.

Kristen spends as little time as possible on a group paper that is due at the end of the semester because she knows that her teacher will not be able to tell how much she has contributed.Kristen's behavior is an example of:

Robert has been found guilty by a jury of his peers.Based on research presented in your textbook,a juror leaning towards a lighter sentence would recommend ______years in prison after deliberating with like-minded jurors.

Which of the following is NOT a solution to social loafing?

A boss wants to decrease social loafing in his company.Which of the following strategies would be most effective?

The association between deindiviudation and self-awareness can be characterized as:

You are attending a school football game with thousands of other college students.The official makes a bad call and people begin to protest by throwing things onto the field.You begin to follow the crowd and throw things as well.Your behavior illustrates an example of_______.

In a study conducted by Zimbardo and colleagues,participants were directed to decide how much shock to administer to another 'subject' in the study.Participants either wore hoods that obscured their face or remained uncovered.Researchers found that:

If an employer wanted to prevent employees,who might be dissatisfied with a new policy,from developing even stronger negative attitudes towards this policy,what could he do?

Greg and his like-minded friends are discussing their views on the issue of gay marriage.After spending time sharing reasons gay marriage should be legal,their views become even stronger in support of gay rights.This example best illustrates the phenomenon of:

________ refers to the tendency for people to take greater risks than individuals would alone.

____________ refers to the tendency of an attitude to become magnified within a group after members discuss an issue among themselves.

Risky shift is somewhat related to social loafing in that both involve:

One reason social loafing may occur is because:

Researchers have found that __________is present in terrorist organizations.

Which of the following individuals would you predict is most susceptible to deindividuation?

According to the social identity deindividuation (SIDE) model,why does the phenomenon of deindividuation occur?