Question 1

What characteristic distinguishes a preoccupied attachment style from a dismissive attachment style?

Accepted Answer

A preoccupied attachment style is characterized by low self-esteem but high interpersonal trust, whereas a dismissive attachment style is marked by high self-esteem but low interpersonal trust. Thus, both self-esteem and interpersonal trust distinguish these styles.

Question 2

What characteristic distinguishes a fearful-avoidant attachment style from a dismissive attachment style?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What characteristic distinguishes a fearful-avoidant attachment style...

Question 3

We often like those who like us back.This can best be understood as an example of:

Accepted Answer

Reciprocity refers to the tendency for individuals to like those who like them back or who have provided some kind of benefit to them. This is also known as the principle of reciprocity, which is a fundamental social norm that governs social interaction. People tend to feel obligated to reciprocate when others behave positively toward them.

Question 4

Larry and Lisa are in love.They share the same Catholic values,both like to travel,and have developed a deep level of trust.Larry and Lisa's love can best be defined as:

Accepted Answer

Larry and Lisa seem to have built a strong emotional bond, trust, and compatibility that is characteristic of companionate love, which is based on friendship, mutual respect, and shared interests and values. Passionate love is usually more intense, fiery and erotic, while adoring love suggests a one-sided infatuation or idolization.

Question 5

Which attachment style is considered the most successful?

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that individuals with a secure attachment style are the most successful in their relationships, both romantic and platonic. They tend to be more satisfied and committed in their relationships, have higher levels of emotional intelligence, and are better equipped to handle conflict and disagreements.

Question 6

According to work by John Bowlby,early parent-child interactions lead to what in children?

Accepted Answer

John Bowlby's theory of attachment suggests that early parent-child interactions are critical in the formation of self-esteem and interpersonal trust. Through consistent and responsive interactions, children learn that their needs will be met and develop a sense of security and trust in their caregivers. This lays the foundation for healthy relationships and self-esteem in later life. Bowlby's theory also addresses the development of stranger anxiety, but this is not the primary focus of his work. Increased oxytocin is not a direct result of parent-child interactions, but it may be a physiological response that contributes to bonding and attachment. Self-confidence is developed through a variety of experiences, and while parent-child interactions may play a role, it is not the primary focus of Bowlby's theory.

Question 7

What do those with a fearful-avoidant attachment style and a dismissive attachment style have in common?

Accepted Answer

Both fearful-avoidant and dismissive attachment styles are characterized by a lack of trust in relationships. Fearful-avoidant individuals may desire close relationships but are afraid of rejection, while dismissive individuals tend to avoid close connections altogether. Both behaviors can stem from a lack of trust in others and a fear of vulnerability. Low self-esteem is not necessarily a shared trait between the two styles, and there is no evidence to suggest that they both have high interpersonal trust.

Question 8

According to your textbook,gender difference in mate preferences are not as great when:

Accepted Answer

Gender differences in mate preferences tend to diminish when researchers focus on short-term relationship goals, as both men and women may prioritize similar traits such as physical attractiveness and immediate compatibility in these contexts.

Question 9

According to evolutionary psychologists,men emphasize _______ while women emphasize _______.

Accepted Answer

According to evolutionary psychologists, men tend to emphasize physical attractiveness in potential mates, while women tend to prioritize resources (such as wealth or status). This perspective is based on the idea that these preferences have evolved to maximize reproductive success.

Question 10

Why is the hormone oxytocin believed to be important in parent-infant relationships?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin has been shown to increase feelings of calmness and connectedness in mothers, which encourages bonding behaviors and fosters a strong parent-infant relationship. This hormone also promotes the release of milk during breastfeeding, which further strengthens the bond between parent and infant.

Question 11

Steve has a hard time trusting others and often feels low and down on himself.Steve most likely has a _______ attachment style

Accepted Answer

Steve's difficulty in trusting others and feeling down on himself are common traits of individuals with a fearful-avoidant attachment style. They have a deep fear of rejection and abandonment, which can lead to negative self-image and difficulty in forming close relationships. Secure individuals typically have positive views of themselves and others and have a comfortable balance of dependence and independence in relationships. Dismissive individuals often have a high opinion of themselves but minimize the importance of close relationships. Preoccupied individuals have a tendency to be clingy and enmeshed in relationships and often have negative views of themselves.

Question 12

What attitude is considered to underlie the formation of attachment styles?

Accepted Answer

Interpersonal trust is a fundamental attitude believed to underlie the formation of attachment styles, as it influences how individuals form and maintain close relationships.

Question 13

Research suggests that we like people more if they reveal _____ about themselves in a conversation.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that people tend to like those who reveal more personal information about themselves in a conversation. This promotes feelings of closeness and intimacy, which can strengthen relationships.

Question 14

A combination of _____ self esteem and _____ interpersonal trust results in a dismissive attachment style.

Accepted Answer

Dismissive attachment style is characterized by a high self-esteem but low interpersonal trust. Individuals with this style often believe that they do not need others to validate their worth or provide them with emotional support. However, they may view others as unreliable or untrustworthy, leading them to avoid close relationships or become emotionally distant from their partners.

Question 15

An evolutionary psychologist might explain a man's cheating behavior on his wife in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary psychology suggests that men have evolved to desire multiple sex partners as a means of reproducing and passing on their genes. According to this perspective, men who have affairs or cheat on their partners are simply acting on their natural instinct to find multiple partners and increase their chances of passing on their genes.

Question 16

About ____ in 10 infants display a secure attachment style.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that approximately 7 out of 10 infants display a secure attachment style.

Question 17

Which psychologists are credited with being among the first to bring attachment studies to humans?

Accepted Answer

Mary Ainsworth and John Bowlby are credited with being among the first to bring attachment studies to humans.

Question 18

Mike and Shana feel an intense passion for one another and spend all of their free time together.They can often be found gazing into each other's eyes.Mike and Shane are exhibiting what type of love?

Accepted Answer

Mike and Shana's intense passion and gazing into each other's eyes suggest that they are exhibiting passionate love, which is characterized by strong emotions, physical attraction, and intense desire for one another. This type of love is often seen in new relationships or during the early stages of a romantic relationship.

Question 19

Passionate love is defined in your textbook as a___________.

Accepted Answer

According to the textbook, passionate love is defined as a state of intense longing for union with another. This type of love is characterized by strong emotions and a desire for physical and emotional closeness with the object of one's love. It is often described as a "head over heels" feeling, and can be accompanied by feelings of excitement, joy, and even anxiety.

Question 20

Recent research by Vasey and Vanderlann (2010)suggests that male same-sex attraction can be explained by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The research by Vasey and Vanderlann (2010) suggests that male same-sex attraction can be explained by the kin selection hypothesis, which proposes that homosexuality may be an adaptive trait because it allows individuals to invest in the well-being of their relatives even if they do not directly reproduce themselves.

Quiz 12: Examining Attraction and Close Relationships