Question 1

The _________ refers to the phenomenon in which the greater number of people that are present,the less likely an individual is to help in an emergency.
A) diffusion of responsibility
B) bystander effect
C) pluralistic ignorance
D) kin selection

Accepted Answer

The bystander effect is the phenomenon in which the presence of others makes individuals less likely to intervene in an emergency situation. This is thought to occur because of a diffusion of responsibility, where individuals believe that someone else will take action, and also due to pluralistic ignorance, where individuals look to others to determine how to act. Kin selection is a theory related to how altruistic behavior can increase an individual's genetic fitness.

Question 2

In 1968,Darley and Latane conducted a study where they exposed participants to a clear emergency in which they heard the sounds of another student having an epileptic seizure.They found that participants who were alone were faster to report the emergency than those who believed others were present.The failure to help in this situation can be attributed to:
A) the ambiguity of the situation.
B) the fact that people were in a hurry.
C) reduced feelings of personal responsibility.
D) the distance of the participant to the 'victim.'

Accepted Answer

Reduced feelings of personal responsibility, also known as diffusion of responsibility, is the tendency for individuals to feel less accountable for their actions (or inaction) in a group setting where responsibility is shared among multiple people. This can lead to a lack of action in emergency situations if individuals believe that someone else will step in and take charge. In the Darley and Latane study, participants who believed others were present experienced diffusion of responsibility, which led to a slower response in reporting the emergency.

Question 3

Which of the following is considered the fourth step in Latane and Darley's Decision Model of Bystander Intervention?
A) Notice the emergency.
B) Interpret the situation as an emergency.
C) Decide how to help.
D) Feel personal responsibility to help.

Accepted Answer

The fourth step in Latane and Darley's Decision Model of Bystander Intervention is deciding how to help, after noticing the emergency, interpreting the situation as an emergency, and feeling a personal responsibility to help.

Question 4

Research suggests that men and women differ in helping behavior in which of the following ways?
A) Men are more likely to perform 'heroic' acts of helping.
B) Women are more likely to perform 'heroic' acts of helping.
C) Men are more likely to help in more nurturing ways.
D) Men and women are equally likely to help in nurturing ways but men are more likely to perform 'heroic' acts of helping.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that men are more likely to engage in 'heroic' acts of helping, such as those requiring physical risk or bravery, while women often engage in more nurturing and supportive forms of help.

Question 5

Which of the following is considered the third step in Latane and Darley's Decision Model of Bystander Intervention?
A) Notice the emergency.
B) Interpret the situation as an emergency.
C) Decide how to help.
D) Feel personal responsibility to help.

Accepted Answer

The third step in Latane and Darley's Decision Model of Bystander Intervention is to feel personal responsibility to help.

Question 6

If you have fallen and hurt your ankle,which of the following tactics would lead someone to help you in this situation?
A) Yelling that you fallen and making it clear that you need help.
B) Trying not to panic anyone and calmly attempting to get someone's attention.
C) Publicly identify a person, specifically requesting his or her help.
D) Either yelling that you fallen and making it clear that you need help or publicly identify a person, specifically requesting his or her help.

Accepted Answer

Yelling for help or specifically identifying someone to help can both effectively alert others to your situation, increasing the likelihood of receiving assistance. Publicly asking a specific person for help can also overcome the bystander effect, where individuals in a group are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present.

Question 7

Which of the following factors has NOT been found to increase helping behavior?
A) perceived similarity.
B) increased self-awareness.
C) a negative mood.
D) increased attractiveness.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that a negative mood can actually increase helping behavior, as people may help others in an attempt to improve their own mood. This is contrary to the suggestion that a negative mood would decrease helping behavior. Factors like perceived similarity, increased self-awareness, and increased attractiveness have been found to increase the likelihood of helping behavior.

Question 8

You have just experienced the death of a loved one and are in need of encouragement,empathy,and support.You might be more likely to receive help from:
A) your dad.
B) your mom.
C) your brother.
D) your neighbor Jim.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that women tend to be more empathetic and nurturing in their responses to emotional distress, making them more likely to provide the encouragement and support needed during a difficult time such as the death of a loved one. Additionally, mothers often have a close emotional bond with their children and may be better equipped to understand and relate to their child's grief.

Question 9

When an individual feels less personal responsibility to help this is known as________.
A) diffusion of responsibility
B) reciprocity
C) pluralistic ignorance
D) kin selection

Accepted Answer

Diffusion of responsibility is the phenomenon where individuals feel less personal responsibility to help when other people are present because they assume someone else will take action. This can lead to bystander apathy or inaction in emergency situations.

Question 10

People who are self-aware are _______ to help others.
A) more likely
B) less likely
C) unlikely
D) not able

Accepted Answer

People who are self-aware have a better understanding of their own emotions and reactions, which allows them to empathize with others and offer support. Therefore, they are more likely to help others.

Question 11

Researchers have found that mimicry leads to:
A) decreased helping.
B) more charitable donations.
C) a negative mood.
D) less prosocial behavior.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that mimicry can lead to positive outcomes, such as increased liking, trust, generosity, and charitable donations. Mimicry increases feelings of affiliation and similarity, which in turn can lead to more prosocial behavior. Therefore, option B is the correct choice.

Question 12

You are more likely to help someone who:
A) shares your birthday.
B) likes different activities than you do.
C) does not share your birthday.
D) who lives in a different state.

Accepted Answer

People are more likely to help someone who shares personal similarities with them, such as having the same birthday, due to a perceived connection or commonality.

Question 13

If you were being attacked by someone trying to steal your purse or wallet,a passerby will be most likely to help you when:
A) two other people are nearby.
B) three other people are nearby.
C) no one else is nearby.
D) six other people are nearby.

Accepted Answer

The bystander effect suggests that the more people that are around, the less likely it is that any individual will intervene in an emergency situation. Therefore, if no one else is nearby, a passerby is more likely to intervene and help.

Question 14

Which of the following is considered the second step in Latane and Darley's Decision Model of Bystander Intervention?
A) Notice the emergency.
B) Interpret the situation as an emergency.
C) Decide how to help.
D) Feel personal responsibility to help.

Accepted Answer

The second step in the Latane and Darley's Decision Model of Bystander Intervention is to interpret the situation as an emergency. This involves evaluating the situation and determining whether it is an actual emergency or not. Only after interpreting the situation as an emergency can the individual begin to feel personal responsibility to help and make a decision about how to help. Therefore, options A, C, and D come after step two.

Question 15

In an emergency situation,what would be a good strategy to reduce the problem of diffusion of responsibility?
A) Try not to alarm anyone and calmly try to indicate that you need help.
B) Publicly identify a person, specifically requesting his or her help.
C) Screaming out loud.
D) It would be equally effective to scream out loud or to publicly identify a person, specifically requesting his or her help.

Accepted Answer

Publicly identifying a specific person and requesting their help can help reduce the diffusion of responsibility because it creates a sense of accountability for that person to take action. This is known as "targeting responsibility." While yelling or screaming may get attention, it does not necessarily create a sense of personal responsibility for someone to help. Calmly indicating that help is needed may also not be as effective as specifically requesting help from someone.

Question 16

The philosophy behind the Good Samaritan law in Europe is to:
A) protect people from being prosecuted if they hurt someone who they are trying to help.
B) persuade people to help only if they feel it is necessary.
C) punish people for not helping when they are capable of doing so.
D) In Europe there are no Good Samaritan laws.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The philosophy behind the Good Samaritan law...

Question 17

In a study by Benson and colleagues (1976),a completed graduate school application was left in a phone booth.Researchers varied the race,level of attraction,and gender of the candidate and examined the influence of these factors on the likelihood of mailing the application.They found that:
A) males were more likely to mail female applications.
B) females were more likely to mail male applications.
C) people were more likely to mail applications of attractive candidates.
D) males were more likely to mail female applications and people were more likely to mail applications of attractive candidates.

Accepted Answer

The study found that attractiveness was a significant factor influencing the likelihood of someone mailing the application, with attractive candidates' applications being more likely to be mailed.

Question 18

The relationship between self-awareness and the likelihood that an individual will help can be characterized as:
A) unrelated.
B) negative.
C) positive.
D) curvilinear.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that self-awareness increases the likelihood of individuals helping others. When individuals are self-aware, they are more likely to notice when someone needs help and are able to understand the impact of their actions on others, leading to an increased likelihood of helping behavior. Therefore, the relationship between self-awareness and the likelihood of helping is positive.

Question 19

In the fourth step of Latane and Darley's Decision Model of Bystander Intervention,people must decide how to help.What will make it easier for people to choose to help at this stage of the model?
A) If there is a solution that is readily apparent to the bystander.
B) If there are a lot of other people around to consult with.
C) If the situation is ambiguous.
D) If they are pressed for time.

Accepted Answer

People are more likely to help if the solution is clear and readily apparent, making the decision-making process easier. If the situation is ambiguous, consulting with others or having more time to decide may be helpful, but ultimately having a clear solution is the most important factor in deciding to intervene. Being pressed for time may actually make it more difficult to help, as people may prioritize their own safety or need to leave quickly.

Question 20

Based on information presented in your textbook,if you were trapped in a burning building,who might be most likely to come to your aid?
A) A man
B) An elderly person
C) A woman
D) A low self-monitor

Accepted Answer

Men are often perceived as more likely to engage in physically risky behaviors, such as rescuing someone from a burning building, due to societal norms and expectations.

Quiz 13: Prosocial Behavior: Why We Help and Why We Don’t

The _________ refers to the phenomenon in which the greater number of people that are present,the less likely an individual is to help in an emergency.

Which of the following is considered the fourth step in Latane and Darley's Decision Model of Bystander Intervention?

Research suggests that men and women differ in helping behavior in which of the following ways?

Which of the following is considered the third step in Latane and Darley's Decision Model of Bystander Intervention?

If you have fallen and hurt your ankle,which of the following tactics would lead someone to help you in this situation?

Which of the following factors has NOT been found to increase helping behavior?

You have just experienced the death of a loved one and are in need of encouragement,empathy,and support.You might be more likely to receive help from:

When an individual feels less personal responsibility to help this is known as________.

People who are self-aware are _______ to help others.

Researchers have found that mimicry leads to:

You are more likely to help someone who:

If you were being attacked by someone trying to steal your purse or wallet,a passerby will be most likely to help you when:

Which of the following is considered the second step in Latane and Darley's Decision Model of Bystander Intervention?

In an emergency situation,what would be a good strategy to reduce the problem of diffusion of responsibility?

The philosophy behind the Good Samaritan law in Europe is to:

In a study by Benson and colleagues (1976) ,a completed graduate school application was left in a phone booth.Researchers varied the race,level of attraction,and gender of the candidate and examined the influence of these factors on the likelihood of mailing the application.They found that:

The relationship between self-awareness and the likelihood that an individual will help can be characterized as:

In the fourth step of Latane and Darley's Decision Model of Bystander Intervention,people must decide how to help.What will make it easier for people to choose to help at this stage of the model?

Based on information presented in your textbook,if you were trapped in a burning building,who might be most likely to come to your aid?