Question 1

Which of the following is a pattern described as a "numbed acceptance of a negative situation so that an individual no longer tries to change that situation for the better because he or she does not expect those efforts to make any difference?

Accepted Answer

Learned helplessness is a condition in which a person suffers from a sense of powerlessness, arising from a traumatic event or persistent failure to succeed. It is thought to be one of the underlying causes of depression. This concept accurately describes the scenario where an individual has a numbed acceptance of a negative situation and no longer attempts to improve it due to a belief that their efforts will be futile.

Question 2

Application of which model, at the interpersonal level, would lead to different strategies in a teen drug prevention program depending on the nature of the teens' social relationships?

Accepted Answer

The Ecological model focuses on the multiple levels of influence on individual behavior, including interpersonal relationships. In the context of a teen drug prevention program, strategies would vary based on the nature of teens' social relationships, recognizing that peers, family, and other social networks play significant roles in influencing behavior. This model acknowledges the complexity of human behavior by considering the interplay between individual, relational, community, and societal factors.

Question 3

Which of the following influence people's diet and activity patterns, which are the second most important factor in American's poor health?

Accepted Answer

Environmental factors influence people's diet and activity patterns significantly, affecting their health.

Question 4

From the public health perspective, it may be more efficient to try to change people's behavior one individual at a time than to try to change the social environment that influences people to behave in unhealthy ways.

Accepted Answer

Changing the social environment can address the root causes of unhealthy behaviors on a larger scale, impacting many individuals simultaneously and creating a supportive context for healthier choices, which is often more efficient and effective than trying to change behaviors one person at a time.

Question 5

Unhealthy behaviors may be maintained and reinforced by aspects of the social environment that are beyond the individual's control.

Accepted Answer

Unhealthy behaviors can be influenced and perpetuated by factors in the social environment such as peer pressure, cultural norms, advertising, and availability of unhealthy options, which may be beyond an individual's immediate control.

Question 6

Health status varies more among African Americans than among Hispanics.

Accepted Answer

Health status variability is influenced by numerous factors, including socioeconomic status, access to healthcare, and cultural differences, and it is not accurate to generalize that one racial or ethnic group has more variability than another without specific data.

Question 7

In the United States, infant mortality is almost twice as high among blacks as it is for whites.

Accepted Answer

This disparity is due to a variety of factors including socioeconomic differences, access to healthcare, and systemic racism affecting the quality of care and stress levels among black mothers.

Question 8

An American Indian is almost 50% more likely than a white American to have diabetes.

Accepted Answer

American Indians and Alaska Natives have a higher prevalence of diabetes compared to non-Hispanic white Americans, making them almost 50% more likely to be diagnosed with the condition. This disparity is attributed to a combination of genetic, environmental, and social factors.

Question 9

In the 1980s, San Francisco had the second-highest incidence of AIDS in the United States.

Accepted Answer

During the 1980s, San Francisco experienced a severe AIDS epidemic, with the city having one of the highest incidences of AIDS in the United States, second only to New York City.

Question 10

Individuals must believe in a problem and in the existence of a solution before they will act to prevent the problem.

Accepted Answer

Individuals are more likely to take action to prevent a problem if they believe the problem is real and that there is an effective solution available. This belief motivates them to engage in behaviors aimed at solving or mitigating the issue.

Question 11

Based on the health belief mode, the public health approach to changing behavior would be to convince people that they are vulnerable, that the threat is severe, and that certain actions are effective preventive measures.

Accepted Answer

The Health Belief Model suggests that changing health behaviors, such as adopting preventive measures, is more likely when individuals believe they are susceptible to a health problem (perceived vulnerability), believe the health problem has serious consequences (perceived severity), recognize that taking action could reduce their susceptibility to or the severity of the problem (perceived benefits), and believe that the barriers to taking action are outweighed by its benefits (perceived barriers).

Question 12

Absence of ___________________ has been related to an increase in coronary heart disease, complications in pregnancy and delivery, suicide, and other unhealthy outcomes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Absence of ___________________ has been related to...

Question 13

Stress, which is due to the adverse physical and social conditions associated with lower________________, which may act both directly by affecting physiological processes, and indirectly by influencing behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Stress, which is due to the adverse...

Question 14

Whats the appropriate description of the terms?
-Characteristics such as race, gender, and marital status which are consistently found to influence health

Accepted Answer

The answer of Whats the appropriate description of the terms?
-Characteristics...

Question 15

Whats the appropriate description of the terms?
-Concept that includes income, education, and occupational status

Accepted Answer

The answer of Whats the appropriate description of the terms?
-Concept...

Question 16

Whats the appropriate description of the terms?
-Family and friends providing emotional and instrumental assistance which has proven to be surprisingly significant in determining an individual's health

Accepted Answer

The answer of Whats the appropriate description of the terms?
-Family...

Question 17

Whats the appropriate description of the terms?
-The sense of having control over one's life

Accepted Answer

The answer of Whats the appropriate description of the terms?
-The...

Question 18

Whats the appropriate description of the term?
-Classic frame of reference for understanding health behavior, and especially behavior change

Accepted Answer

The answer of Whats the appropriate description of the term?
-Classic...

Question 19

Whats the appropriate description of the term?
-Envisions change as a process involving progress through a series of five stages

Accepted Answer

The answer of Whats the appropriate description of the term?
-Envisions...

Question 20

Whats the appropriate description of the term?
-Looks at how the social environment, including interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy factors, supports and maintains unhealthy behaviors

Accepted Answer

The answer of Whats the appropriate description of the term?
-Looks...

Quiz 14: How Psychosocial Factors Affect Health Behavior

Which of the following is a pattern described as a "numbed acceptance of a negative situation so that an individual no longer tries to change that situation for the better because he or she does not expect those efforts to make any difference?

Application of which model, at the interpersonal level, would lead to different strategies in a teen drug prevention program depending on the nature of the teens' social relationships?

Which of the following influence people's diet and activity patterns, which are the second most important factor in American's poor health?

From the public health perspective, it may be more efficient to try to change people's behavior one individual at a time than to try to change the social environment that influences people to behave in unhealthy ways.

Unhealthy behaviors may be maintained and reinforced by aspects of the social environment that are beyond the individual's control.

Health status varies more among African Americans than among Hispanics.

In the United States, infant mortality is almost twice as high among blacks as it is for whites.

An American Indian is almost 50% more likely than a white American to have diabetes.

In the 1980s, San Francisco had the second-highest incidence of AIDS in the United States.

Individuals must believe in a problem and in the existence of a solution before they will act to prevent the problem.

Based on the health belief mode, the public health approach to changing behavior would be to convince people that they are vulnerable, that the threat is severe, and that certain actions are effective preventive measures.

Absence of ___________________ has been related to an increase in coronary heart disease, complications in pregnancy and delivery, suicide, and other unhealthy outcomes.

Stress, which is due to the adverse physical and social conditions associated with lower________________, which may act both directly by affecting physiological processes, and indirectly by influencing behavior.

Whats the appropriate description of the terms? -Characteristics such as race, gender, and marital status which are consistently found to influence health

Whats the appropriate description of the terms? -Concept that includes income, education, and occupational status

Whats the appropriate description of the terms? -Family and friends providing emotional and instrumental assistance which has proven to be surprisingly significant in determining an individual's health

Whats the appropriate description of the terms? -The sense of having control over one's life

Whats the appropriate description of the term? -Classic frame of reference for understanding health behavior, and especially behavior change

Whats the appropriate description of the term? -Envisions change as a process involving progress through a series of five stages

Whats the appropriate description of the term? -Looks at how the social environment, including interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy factors, supports and maintains unhealthy behaviors