Question 1

whats the FDA-approved medication with the associated harmful side effect.
-Suspected in increasing the risk of heart attacks

Accepted Answer

The answer of whats the FDA-approved medication with the associated...

Question 2

Case-control studies that attempt to determine which of the following are especially subject to recall bias?

Accepted Answer

Case-control studies on causes of birth defects are especially subject to recall bias because they often rely on parents' memory of exposures during pregnancy, which can be inaccurate or influenced by the outcome.

Question 3

Which of the following was used as a treatment for almost any illness by 18^th century physicians?

Accepted Answer

In the 18th century, bleeding, or bloodletting, was a common medical practice used by physicians to treat a wide range of illnesses, based on the belief that it could balance the body's humors.

Question 4

What surgical procedure was performed on more than half of all children in the 1930s through the 1950s in the belief that the operation prevented rheumatic fever?

Accepted Answer

Tonsillectomy was commonly performed on children during the 1930s through the 1950s with the belief that removing the tonsils could prevent rheumatic fever, among other health issues.

Question 5

It is unrealistic to expect to succeed at a randomized controlled trial that requires people to alter their behavior over a significant period of time.

Accepted Answer

The answer of It is unrealistic to expect to succeed...

Question 6

Epidemiologic evidence is more convincing if there is a known biological explanation for an association between an exposure and a disease.

Accepted Answer

A known biological explanation for an association strengthens the evidence because it provides a plausible mechanism through which the exposure might cause the disease, making the association more likely to be causal.

Question 7

Strong epidemiologic evidence that cigarette smoking was a major case of heart disease existed long before there was any biological evidence.

Accepted Answer

Epidemiological studies linking cigarette smoking to heart disease were published well before the biological mechanisms linking the two were understood. These studies showed strong correlations between smoking and increased rates of heart disease, laying the groundwork for later research into the biological causes.

Question 8

Generally, any U.S. hospital seeking to perform cohort studies will have to establish an in-house institutional review board.

Accepted Answer

In the United States, hospitals and other institutions that conduct medical research, including cohort studies, typically must have an Institutional Review Board (IRB) to review and approve the ethical aspects of research involving human subjects to ensure compliance with federal regulations.

Question 9

The more widely a therapy is already used, the easier it is to do a randomized controlled study.

Accepted Answer

Widely used therapies often face challenges in conducting randomized controlled studies due to ethical concerns, patient and physician preferences, and the established use in clinical practice, making it difficult to recruit participants for trials that may involve withholding a standard treatment.

Question 10

If a hospital will receive more government grants should a study show that a therapy invented at that hospital helps cure AIDS, that hospital would have a conflict of interest in doing such a study.

Accepted Answer

The hospital stands to gain financially from positive results, which could influence the study's objectivity and integrity, thus creating a conflict of interest.

Question 11

The Women's Health Initiative was a _________________________, the gold standard for epidemiologic studies, and thus was much less likely to be subject to bias.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Women's Health Initiative was a _________________________,...

Question 12

Most epidemiologic studies are ______________________ and have little potential for harm.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most epidemiologic studies are ______________________ and have...

Question 13

The value of some studies performed on drug effectiveness began to be questioned in the ______________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The value of some studies performed on...

Question 14

A famous example of a drug company suppressing negative information during the FDA approval process involves the arthritis drug ______________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A famous example of a drug company...

Question 15

Whats the most appropriate description of the terms?
-Systematic error that may be introduced into a study in a number of ways

Accepted Answer

The answer of Whats the most appropriate description of the...

Question 16

Whats the most appropriate description of the terms?
-Factors that are associated with the exposure and that may independently affect the risk of developing the disease

Accepted Answer

The answer of Whats the most appropriate description of the...

Question 17

Whats the most appropriate description of the terms?
-A particular problem in choosing subjects for a case-control study

Accepted Answer

The answer of Whats the most appropriate description of the...

Question 18

Whats the most appropriate description of the terms?
-Occurs if the study group and the control group systematically report differently even if the exposure was the same

Accepted Answer

The answer of Whats the most appropriate description of the...

Question 19

Whats to the corresponding date of the event?
-The U.S. Public Health Service and scientists from the Tuskegee Institute began similar studies regarding syphilis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Whats to the corresponding date of the...

Question 20

Whats to the corresponding date of the event?
-Case-control study found that exposure to high electromagnetic fields from power lines increased the risk of childhood cancer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Whats to the corresponding date of the...

Quiz 6: Problems and Limits of Epidemiology Problems With Studying Humans

whats the FDA-approved medication with the associated harmful side effect. -Suspected in increasing the risk of heart attacks

Case-control studies that attempt to determine which of the following are especially subject to recall bias?

Which of the following was used as a treatment for almost any illness by 18th century physicians?

What surgical procedure was performed on more than half of all children in the 1930s through the 1950s in the belief that the operation prevented rheumatic fever?

It is unrealistic to expect to succeed at a randomized controlled trial that requires people to alter their behavior over a significant period of time.

Epidemiologic evidence is more convincing if there is a known biological explanation for an association between an exposure and a disease.

Strong epidemiologic evidence that cigarette smoking was a major case of heart disease existed long before there was any biological evidence.

Generally, any U.S. hospital seeking to perform cohort studies will have to establish an in-house institutional review board.

The more widely a therapy is already used, the easier it is to do a randomized controlled study.

If a hospital will receive more government grants should a study show that a therapy invented at that hospital helps cure AIDS, that hospital would have a conflict of interest in doing such a study.

The Women's Health Initiative was a _________________________, the gold standard for epidemiologic studies, and thus was much less likely to be subject to bias.

Most epidemiologic studies are ______________________ and have little potential for harm.

The value of some studies performed on drug effectiveness began to be questioned in the ______________________.

A famous example of a drug company suppressing negative information during the FDA approval process involves the arthritis drug ______________________.

Whats the most appropriate description of the terms? -Systematic error that may be introduced into a study in a number of ways

Whats the most appropriate description of the terms? -Factors that are associated with the exposure and that may independently affect the risk of developing the disease

Whats the most appropriate description of the terms? -A particular problem in choosing subjects for a case-control study

Whats the most appropriate description of the terms? -Occurs if the study group and the control group systematically report differently even if the exposure was the same

Whats to the corresponding date of the event? -The U.S. Public Health Service and scientists from the Tuskegee Institute began similar studies regarding syphilis.

Whats to the corresponding date of the event? -Case-control study found that exposure to high electromagnetic fields from power lines increased the risk of childhood cancer.

Which of the following was used as a treatment for almost any illness by 18^th century physicians?