Question 1

______ refers to the traits and characteristics in breadth and depth that we attribute to ourselves.

Accepted Answer

Self-concept refers to the traits and characteristics that individuals attribute to themselves, encompassing their self-perception and self-identity.

Question 2

Introspective activities, such as journal writing and taking selfies, are examples of how adolescents learn to organize their ______.

Accepted Answer

Introspective activities help adolescents develop their self-concept by allowing them to reflect on and understand their own identity and personal experiences.

Question 3

The difference between how children and adolescents describe themselves is that children use ______.

Accepted Answer

Children often describe themselves using physical attributes, while adolescents tend to use more abstract and complex descriptors as they develop a more nuanced self-concept.

Question 4

Keisha describes herself as outspoken on subjects she has studied but very quiet when she has little knowledge on a topic. She says she is confident in her public speaking ability as long as it is in front of her peers and not adults. Keisha's self-concept shows her use of ______.

Accepted Answer

Keisha's self-concept demonstrates situational variability because her confidence and behavior change depending on the context, such as her knowledge of the topic and the audience she is addressing.

Question 5

Kumar knows that he is intelligent and has been able to solve difficult situations since he was a young child. He is confident that he will be able to overcome obstacles in the future due to this ability. He knows that he is a caring individual and can point to many examples of comforting his sister while they were growing up. Kumar's self-concept has most likely achieved ______.

Accepted Answer

Kumar's self-concept has achieved clarity because he has a clear and confident understanding of his abilities and characteristics, such as intelligence and caring nature.

Question 6

How is parents' sense of self-concept clarity related to their children?

Accepted Answer

Parents influence their children's self-concept clarity through their interactions and the behaviors they model, which children observe and learn from.

Question 7

Which individual is making a decision based on their ideal self?

Accepted Answer

Miguel is making a decision based on his ideal self by striving to be more organized, which aligns with his personal aspirations and goals.

Question 8

______ is characterized by the traits and values one hopes and strives to attain.

Accepted Answer

The "ideal self" refers to the traits and values that an individual aspires to achieve or embody.

Question 9

Benjamin describes himself as an organized and introspective young man. He is generally quiet, shy, and doesn't say much. He really wants to impress Emma on their first date. He has memorized a lot of jokes. During their date, he doesn't stop talking making sure to tell all the jokes he memorized so that Emma will like him. Benjamin is presenting his ______.

Accepted Answer

Benjamin is presenting his false self because he is behaving in a way that is not true to his usual quiet and shy nature in an attempt to impress Emma.

Question 10

Liam is on a date with a first date with Shoshana. He has been telling her how much he values helping people which is why he is exploring going to medical school one day. He expresses a desire to communicate in a more meaningful way so he is taking some classes at the college which can help him understand himself and communication more fully. Liam's motivation is coming from his ______.

Accepted Answer

Liam's motivation is coming from his ideal self, which is the person he aspires to be, aligning with his values and goals of helping people and improving communication.

Question 11

Which area of the brain shows more activity when adolescents are processing information about the self?

Accepted Answer

The medial prefrontal cortex is involved in self-referential thinking and shows increased activity when adolescents process information about themselves.

Question 12

Which statement is true about medial prefrontal cortex development during adolescence?

Accepted Answer

The medial prefrontal cortex undergoes significant development during adolescence, continuing to mature into early adulthood, and is one of the last brain regions to fully develop.

Question 13

Which cluster of personality traits refers to people who exhibit curiosity and exploration?

Accepted Answer

Openness is the personality trait associated with curiosity, imagination, and a willingness to explore new experiences and ideas.

Question 14

Which cluster of personality traits refers to people who are active and assertive?

Accepted Answer

Extraversion is the cluster of personality traits that includes being active, assertive, and energetic.

Question 15

A scientist focused on adolescents who present high in neuroticism and low in extraversion is interested in ______.

Accepted Answer

Adolescents high in neuroticism and low in extraversion are more likely to experience depression, as these traits are associated with emotional instability and social withdrawal.

Question 16

How are personality ratings related to chronological age?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that personality traits show a degree of stability over time, meaning that personality ratings in childhood can predict personality ratings in adulthood.

Question 17

Julia is a very likeable young person. She is generally kind to her friends, family, and even strangers she meets. She has just started her nursing program in college. She is enjoying every aspect of her classes from the academic classes to her clinical rounds. She wanted to become a nurse not only to be helpful but to interact in a compassionate way with other people. Julia is illustrating which of the five-factor model clusters?

Accepted Answer

Julia's kindness and desire to interact compassionately with others illustrate the agreeableness trait in the five-factor model.

Question 18

Diego is in college to become a chemical engineer. His classes are very strenuous and require a great deal of studying outside of class. He has decided that he cannot work while he is in school because it would not allow him to be as responsible and disciplined in his studies. He has created a time management chart so that he doesn't get behind in any of his classes as he is carrying 17 units this semester. Diego is illustrating which of the five-factor model clusters?

Accepted Answer

Diego is demonstrating conscientiousness, which involves being responsible, disciplined, and organized, as shown by his decision to focus on his studies and manage his time effectively.

Question 19

______ is an individual's subjective evaluation of his or her worth as a person.

Accepted Answer

Global self-esteem refers to an individual's overall subjective evaluation of their worth as a person.

Question 20

Advances in ______ influence an early adolescent to be more aware of others, possibly increasing their self-consciousness.

Accepted Answer

Self-reflection involves thinking about one's own thoughts and feelings, which can lead to increased awareness of others and heightened self-consciousness during early adolescence.

Quiz 4: Self and Identity