Question 1

Which of the following is a characteristic of schemata?

Accepted Answer

Schemata are cognitive structures that help organize and interpret information. They are hierarchical, can vary among individuals or groups, are efficient but not always accurate, and facilitate thinking efficiency.

Question 2

French-speaking Canadians tend to be disadvantaged in terms of average annual income relative to English-speaking Canadians, even within Quebšc. Guimond and Dubš (1989) found that Anglophones attributed the disadvantage to:

Accepted Answer

Guimond and Dubé (1989) found that Anglophones mainly attributed the income disadvantage of French-speaking Canadians to dispositional factors, suggesting they believed it was due to personal characteristics or choices rather than external circumstances or discrimination.

Question 3

When my evaluation of you is influenced by certain incidents that come to mind, I am:

Accepted Answer

The availability heuristic occurs when people make judgments about the likelihood of events based on how easily examples come to mind, often influenced by recent or memorable incidents.

Question 4

Your dog has four legs, fur, a tail, and barks. If you compare other animals with similar characteristics to your own dog, that dog has become a ________ of dogs for you.

Accepted Answer

A prototype is a mental image or best example of a category, which in this case is your dog representing the typical characteristics of dogs.

Question 5

If you visualize a character in a well-known movie as a typical representative of the category 'physicians', you are using a:

Accepted Answer

A prototype is a mental image or best example of a category. Visualizing a character as a typical representative of 'physicians' means you are using a prototype to represent that category.

Question 6

When you discover a likely cause of an event, you tend to ignore other possible causes. This is known as the

Accepted Answer

The discounting principle refers to the tendency to downplay or ignore other potential causes of an event once a likely cause is identified.

Question 7

The assumptions we make about types of people or about people in general are part of our:

Accepted Answer

Implicit personality theory refers to the assumptions we make about the traits and behaviors of people based on their perceived personality types.

Question 8

The discounting principle of attribution states that people:

Accepted Answer

The discounting principle of attribution suggests that when multiple potential causes for a behavior are present, people tend to give less weight to any one cause, often accepting the most likely cause and disregarding others.

Question 9

A schema is a mental framework that:

Accepted Answer

Schemas are mental frameworks that help us quickly process and organize information, allowing us to make sense of new experiences based on past knowledge.

Question 10

Which of the following is not a bias in attribution?

Accepted Answer

A correspondent inference is not a bias in attribution. It is a process of making inferences about the causes of behavior based on the behavior itself.

Question 11

The implicit personality theories that we hold about others are:

Accepted Answer

Implicit personality theories are based on unstated assumptions about people's characteristics, rather than careful analysis or attributional biases.

Question 12

Your friend Sam always talks excessively after consuming alcohol. You attribute his excessive talking to the effect of alcohol, according to the:

Accepted Answer

The covariation principle states that we attribute behavior to the most salient cause, which in this case is the alcohol.

Question 13

Research by Suedfeld and Rank found that revolutionary leaders who remained in power after the success of the revolution were __________ in integrative complexity before the revolution and __________ after the revolution.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research by Suedfeld and Rank found that...

Question 14

Research in other cultures suggests that the correspondence bias is:

Accepted Answer

The correspondence bias, or the tendency to attribute others' behavior to their dispositions rather than situational factors, is more pronounced in Western societies due to their emphasis on individualism, compared to collectivist cultures like India, Korea, or China.

Question 15

People have a tendency to believe that actors in the theatre are really like the characters they portray. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

This is an example of the fundamental attribution error, where people tend to overemphasize personal characteristics and ignore situational factors when judging others' behavior.

Question 16

The experiment by Walster (1961) about Lennie and his runaway car has shown that a very important factor in making defensive attributions is:

Accepted Answer

The experiment by Walster (1961) demonstrated that the severity of consequences plays a crucial role in making defensive attributions, as people are more likely to attribute blame to others when the consequences of an event are severe.

Question 17

In several laboratory experiments, Lerner found that after seeing someone picked at random and supposedly subjected to electric shocks, most subjects who observed the event blamed the victim. This conforms with the:

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon aligns with the "belief in a just world," where people tend to believe that the world is fair and that individuals get what they deserve, leading them to blame victims for their misfortunes.

Question 18

You have a schema for eating out. This includes making a reservation for a table, having some drinks, ordering, starting with the soup of the day, etc. This is an example of a(n):

Accepted Answer

An event schema, also known as a script, is a cognitive framework that describes the sequence of actions or events in a particular context, such as eating out.

Question 19

Which of the following is (are) part of the covariation model?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is (are) part...

Question 20

Attributions of actors and observers differ because

Accepted Answer

Actors and observers have different perspectives, actors' behavior is more salient to observers, actors focus more on the situation, and they have access to different information, all contributing to differing attributions.

Quiz 2: Social Perception and Cognition