Which of the Following Is NOT a Feature of Perry's

Which of the following is NOT a feature of Perry's (2001) hate crime framework?

A) Acknowledges the role of outward hatred by the offender towards the victim group(s)
B) Gives primacy to the idea that violence is different when motivated by bigotry and directed towards already marginalised populations
C) Acknowledges the complexity of hate crime victimisation by highlighting the relationship between structural hierarchies, institutionalised prejudice and acts of hate
D) Places emphasis on the group instead of the victim's individual identity