Question 1

One important kind of substantive autonomy is

Accepted Answer

The answer of One important kind of substantive autonomy is
...

Question 2

A positive and healthy end to exploration can bring an individual to the point of

Accepted Answer

A positive and healthy end to exploration typically leads to the development of self-identity, where an individual has a clear understanding of who they are and what they value.

Question 3

Fulfilling the authenticity condition of autonomy involves more than just being able to make decisions based on our values-it also requires that we be able to choose those values for ourselves.

Accepted Answer

Authenticity in autonomy implies not only making decisions aligned with one's values but also having the capacity to critically reflect upon and choose those values independently, ensuring they are genuinely one's own.

Question 4

An autonomous person can briefly lose autonomy, lack autonomy in certain situations, or even completely lose autonomy for a length of time.

Accepted Answer

Autonomy can be influenced by various factors such as health, legal circumstances, or external control, leading to temporary or situational loss of autonomy.

Question 5

To be autonomous, a person must fulfill all three conditions for autonomy. However, a moral agent can act as an agent without fulfilling all three levels of agency.

Accepted Answer

A moral agent can act with some level of agency even if they do not fully meet all conditions for autonomy, as agency can exist in varying degrees.

Question 6

We should not assume that most ordinary adults are autonomous. Most are not, and even the few that are not usually responsible for their actions.

Accepted Answer

Most ordinary adults are considered autonomous and responsible for their actions, as autonomy is a key aspect of adult development and societal functioning.

Question 7

Acting paternalistically should never be done lightly, as even morally incompetent individuals ought to be shown some deference regarding their own choices when, for instance, nothing very important is at stake.

Accepted Answer

Paternalism involves overriding a person's choices for their own good, and it should be approached with caution, respecting individual autonomy, especially when the stakes are low.

Question 8

It's often maintained that autonomy requires the ability to reason soundly. But reasoning has rules and so restricts our freedom, which makes it impossible for us to have genuine autonomy.

Accepted Answer

Autonomy involves making informed and rational decisions, and reasoning provides the framework for making such decisions, rather than restricting freedom.

Question 9

Suppose I make a fully authentic choice. Then that enables me to make my next choice authentically as well without having to reassess any of my values.

Accepted Answer

Authentic choices require continuous reassessment of values as circumstances and personal growth can change one's perspective and priorities.

Question 10

Having made his life commitments, an adolescent is then ready to move into the stage of sustained exploration.

Accepted Answer

In Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, adolescents are in the stage of identity vs. role confusion, where they explore and form their identity. Sustained exploration typically occurs before making life commitments.

Quiz 4: Autonomy, Moral Agency, and Self-Identity