Question 1

Which of the options below is not a feature of one or more of the ependymal cell types?

Accepted Answer

Ependymal cells, which line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord, do not have end feet that wrap around capillaries; this is a characteristic of astrocytes, another type of glial cell.

Question 2

The three processes contributing to the exchange of signaling molecules between the CSF and the CNS include: diffusion via perivascular pumping, selective uptake and release by neuronal structures, and

Accepted Answer

Diffusion over short distances is a process that allows signaling molecules to move between the CSF and CNS, complementing perivascular pumping and selective uptake/release by neurons.

Question 3

A primary function of perivascular pumping is to

Accepted Answer

Perivascular pumping is primarily involved in facilitating the movement of molecules through the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), thereby increasing the rate at which these molecules can be transported. This mechanism is crucial for maintaining the homeostasis of the CSF and the brain's microenvironment.

Question 4

Briefly explain what volume transmission is.

Accepted Answer

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Question 5

Describe the role of serotonin on aggressive displays by lobsters.

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Question 6

Describe one method used by researchers to determine where extrasynaptic transmission occurs.

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Question 7

What signaling molecules are released by magnocellular hypothalamic neurons, and from where are they released?

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Question 8

What is the role of L-type calcium channels in the leech Retzius neuron?

Accepted Answer

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Question 9

What are the three steps in the feedback loop that helps to maintain somatic exocytosis in leech Retzius neurons?

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Question 10

What is one way in which recycling of dense core vesicles during extracellular exocytosis differs from recycling in standard synaptic transmission?

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Question 11

What are "tripartite synapses" and how are they involved in extrasynaptic communication?

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Question 12

Explain how spillover effects contribute to extrasynaptic communication.

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

Briefly describe the function of extrasynaptic dopamine release in the retina.

Accepted Answer

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Question 14

What is the function of Müller cells in the retina?

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

Name two types of glial cells involved in extrasynaptic communication, and briefly explain what those cells do.

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Question 16

What three components allow the CSF to enable long-distance signal transmission?

Accepted Answer

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Question 17

What is the function of the ependymal cell layer?

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

What are the three ways that the CNS and CSF exchange signaling molecules?

Accepted Answer

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Quiz 18: Mechanisms of Extrasynaptic Communication