Question 1

Historically, minority group members have been more likely to be ______.

Accepted Answer

Historically, minority group members have faced systemic biases and discrimination within the criminal justice system, leading to higher rates of wrongful convictions and incarceration even when innocent.

Question 2

Which of these is an ethnicity?

Accepted Answer

Hispanic refers to a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race. It is considered an ethnicity because it relates to cultural factors, unlike the other options which are categorized based on race.

Question 3

Discriminatory attitudes, beliefs, and practices directed at a group of people based specifically on physical features such as skin color is most accurately referred to as ______.

Accepted Answer

Racism specifically refers to prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one's own race is superior, often manifesting through attitudes, beliefs, and practices related to physical features such as skin color.

Question 4

Sometimes the term racism can also apply to discrimination based on ______.

Accepted Answer

Racism can apply to discrimination based on ethnicity, as it involves prejudicial treatment against individuals based on their race or ethnic background.

Question 5

The legal ability to own slaves in the United States originally came from the ______.

Accepted Answer

The U.S. Constitution, when originally ratified, included provisions that implicitly allowed slavery, such as the Three-Fifths Compromise and clauses regarding the return of escaped slaves. It did not explicitly mention the word "slavery," but these provisions made the legal ownership of slaves possible in the United States until the practice was abolished by the Thirteenth Amendment.

Question 6

The Ku Klux Klan and other hate groups perpetuated a culture of fear through extrajudicial ______.

Accepted Answer

The Ku Klux Klan and other hate groups perpetuated a culture of fear through extrajudicial lynching, which involved illegal hangings and killings without legal proceedings.

Question 7

Racism practiced by many, if not most, members within a broader public or private organization such as the criminal justice system is known as ______ racism.

Accepted Answer

Institutional racism refers to the policies and practices within and across institutions that, intentionally or not, produce outcomes that chronically favor or put a racial group at a disadvantage.

Question 8

The ______ Amendment, adopted in 1865, ended slavery.

Accepted Answer

The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, adopted in 1865, officially abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.

Question 9

Historically, the criminal justice system has disproportionately incarcerated Black males, and before the civil rights movement, everyone working within the system treated them differently from their White counterparts. This best exemplifies ______.

Accepted Answer

The historical context of disproportionate incarceration rates and differential treatment of Black males compared to their White counterparts within the criminal justice system exemplifies institutional racism. This term refers to the systemic policies and practices within institutions that disadvantage certain racial groups.

Question 10

Rates of incarceration for Black children have ______ compared to that of their White counterparts.

Accepted Answer

Rates of incarceration for Black children have increased compared to that of their White counterparts, reflecting systemic disparities in the criminal justice system.

Question 11

The incarceration rate for African-Americans has ______ over the past 10 years.

Accepted Answer

The incarceration rate for African-Americans has decreased over the past 10 years, reflecting changes in criminal justice policies, sentencing reforms, and a growing awareness of the need for a more equitable justice system.

Question 12

Initially, the en masse relocation of Native Americans to ______ was an effort at incarceration.

Accepted Answer

The en masse relocation of Native Americans primarily involved moving them to reservations, which were specific areas of land designated by the government. This policy was part of a broader effort to control and assimilate Native American populations, rather than an effort at incarceration in the modern sense of prisons or jails.

Question 13

An offender who is a Native American tribe and lives on a large reservation has been accused of petty theft. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Trials for offenses committed by Native Americans on their reservations are typically handled by the tribe itself, especially for lesser crimes like petty theft. This is due to the sovereignty of Native American tribes, which allows them to govern themselves and handle many legal matters internally.

Question 14

Incarceration rates are ______ for Native Americans than for Whites.

Accepted Answer

Incarceration rates for Native Americans are much higher than for Whites, reflecting systemic inequalities and disparities in the criminal justice system.

Question 15

The term Latinx is sometimes used because it is ______.

Accepted Answer

The term Latinx is used as a gender-neutral alternative to Latino or Latina, making it inclusive of all genders.

Question 16

A 19-year-old Central American citizen and his younger brother are crossing the border into the United States in Arizona to escape political persecution in their native country. What should they be most worried about?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 19-year-old Central American citizen and his...

Question 17

In recent years, the number of incarcerated Latinx people has ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In recent years, the number of incarcerated...

Question 18

Laws against opium dens were passed because Chinese immigrants were thought to be ______.

Accepted Answer

Laws against opium dens were primarily passed due to racial prejudices and fears that Chinese immigrants were corrupting the White population by introducing them to opium. This was part of broader anti-Chinese sentiment in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Question 19

Many Americans fail to recognize ______.

Accepted Answer

Many Americans fail to recognize a class system due to the prevalent belief in the American Dream, which suggests that individual merit determines success, obscuring the structural advantages and disadvantages associated with social class.

Question 20

Which of these individuals is most likely to be caught up in the criminal justice system?

Accepted Answer

Statistical data and research have consistently shown that black males, particularly those who are unemployed, face a higher likelihood of being involved in the criminal justice system compared to their counterparts from other demographic groups. This is due to a variety of systemic, socioeconomic, and policy factors that disproportionately affect black males.

Quiz 11: Minorities and Corrections