Question 1

In one study described in your textbook (Qu et al., 2015), adolescents who engaged in fewer real-life risky activities showed less activity in the prefrontal cortex during a simple impulse-inhibition task than those who engaged in more risk-taking. Given what is known about the prefrontal cortex, which of the following is the most plausible interpretation of this finding?

Accepted Answer

Adolescents who engage in less risky behavior have weaker impulses, so controlling them is easier.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT typical of people's emotion trajectories throughout adulthood?

Accepted Answer

All the options listed are typical of emotion trajectories throughout adulthood, making none of them atypical.

Question 3

At what stage of adulthood do people report the highest subjective well-being (assuming they are physically healthy), on average?

Accepted Answer

The answer of At what stage of adulthood do people...

Question 4

Which of the following most accurately summarizes socioemotional selectivity theory?

Accepted Answer

Socioemotional selectivity theory posits that as people perceive their time as limited, they prioritize emotionally meaningful goals and relationships over future-oriented goals.

Question 5

In a study described in your textbook (Shiota & Levenson, 2009), young, middle-age, and older adults watched sad and disgusting video clips. Some participants were asked to think about the films in unemotional ways (detached reappraisal), and others to think about positive aspects and implications of the films (positive reappraisal). Which of the following best summarizes the study's results?

Accepted Answer

Older adults were best at implementing positive reappraisal, whereas young adults were best at implementing detached reappraisal.

Question 6

Infant's facial expressions of sadness, fear, and anger can be differentiated by the time they are a few weeks old.

Accepted Answer

Infants' facial expressions of sadness, fear, and anger are not easily differentiated until they are a few months old, as their emotional expressions are initially more generalized.

Question 7

People who are blind from birth smile as much as sighted people do, and they begin smiling at around the same age.

Accepted Answer

Blind individuals smile as a natural response to emotions, similar to sighted individuals, and this behavior is innate rather than learned through visual imitation.

Question 8

Newborn infants have an innate fear of heights.

Accepted Answer

Newborn infants do not have an innate fear of heights; this fear typically develops as they gain more experience and mobility.

Question 9

Research suggests that children do not begin to develop a sense of self until about 18 months of age.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that around 18 months, children begin to recognize themselves in mirrors, showing the development of self-awareness.

Question 10

Parents throughout the world report wanting their children to be happy, not too fearful, and able to control their anger.

Accepted Answer

Parents generally desire positive emotional well-being for their children, which includes happiness, reduced fearfulness, and the ability to manage anger effectively.

Question 11

Research suggests that adolescents weigh the pros and cons of risky decisions more deliberately than adults do, taking longer to decide.

Accepted Answer

Adolescents take longer to decide because they weigh the pros and cons of risky decisions more deliberately than adults do.

Question 12

The rate of risky behavior declines from 10 to 20 years of age, as the prefrontal cortex matures.

Accepted Answer

The rate of risky behavior typically increases during adolescence (10 to 20 years of age) as the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for decision-making and impulse control, is still maturing.

Question 13

Subjective well-being is highest among adults between 25 and 40 years of age.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that subjective well-being often increases with age, with older adults sometimes reporting higher levels of well-being than younger adults.

Question 14

List and three "emotional" behaviors that newborn infants reliably show, describing each behavior and the condition under which it is displayed.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List and three "emotional" behaviors that newborn...

Question 15

List the three major kinds of processes, described in your textbook, that play important roles in driving children's emotional development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List the three major kinds of processes,...

Question 16

Explain what social referencing is, and give an example not previously discussed in class or in your textbook.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain what social referencing is, and give...

Question 17

Strong evidence indicates that, provided that they are physically healthy, older adults experience anger and anxiety less often and less intensely than do young and middle-aged adults. List three possible explanations for this effect, discussed in your textbook.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Strong evidence indicates that, provided that they...

Question 18

Physical maturation, cognitive development, and social interaction are all thought to play roles in supporting young children's emotional development. Describe one example supporting each of these mechanisms of emotional development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Physical maturation, cognitive development, and social interaction...

Question 19

Describe one experience from your own childhood in which you learned an emotional rule from a parent, peer, or some other important social influence in your life. State whether the rule you learned was a display rule, a feeling rule, or both, and explain how the rule was conveyed. Was the rule conveyed by explicit verbal instruction; by modeling of expected behavior; by rewarding or punishing your own behavior; or by some other means?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe one experience from your own childhood...

Quiz 8: Emotional Development