Question 1

Unlike other immutable characteristics, _______________ has not been considered a suspect classification.

Accepted Answer

Gender has not been considered a suspect classification to the same extent as race, national origin, or religion. While laws discriminating on the basis of gender are subject to intermediate scrutiny, those based on race, national origin, or religion are subject to strict scrutiny, the highest level of judicial review.

Question 2

In 1971, the U.S. Supreme Court defined sex/gender as a _______________ classification.

Accepted Answer

In 1971, the U.S. Supreme Court defined sex/gender as a quasi-suspect classification, which means that laws discriminating on the basis of gender must be subjected to an intermediate level of judicial scrutiny. This was established in the case of Reed v. Reed.

Question 3

In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court reverse the ruling of the Idaho Supreme regarding an Idaho statute declaring that if a minor died intestate, then a male parent executor is preferred over a female parent executor if both claimed to be equally entitled to act as such?

Accepted Answer

Reed v. Reed was the case in which the U.S. Supreme Court reversed the ruling of the Idaho Supreme Court, marking a significant decision that challenged the Idaho statute for discriminating against women in the appointment of estate administrators, thereby violating the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Question 4

Many changes for women did not occur until the 1970s when the feminist movement, following on the heels of the _______________, experienced a resurgence.

Accepted Answer

The feminist movement experienced a resurgence in the 1970s, following the momentum and societal changes spurred by the civil rights movement.

Question 5

Which U.S. Supreme Court justice was instrumental in litigating landmark women's rights cases when she served as the head of the American Civil Liberty Union's Women's Rights Project in the 1970s and early 1980s?

Accepted Answer

Ruth Bader Ginsburg was instrumental in litigating landmark women's rights cases during her time as the head of the American Civil Liberties Union's Women's Rights Project in the 1970s and early 1980s.

Question 6

It was not until which year, that the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) was passed by Congress and finally sent to the states for ratification?

Accepted Answer

The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) was passed by Congress and sent to the states for ratification in 1972.

Question 7

Of the various types of domestic violence, most of it is _______________ violence.

Accepted Answer

Most domestic violence is categorized as intimate partner violence, which involves harm by a current or former spouse or partner. This type of violence is more prevalent than violence between other family members or violence involving strangers.

Question 8

In response to calls to "do something" about domestic violence, which act was passed as part of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994?

Accepted Answer

The Violence Against Women Act was passed as part of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 in response to calls to address and mitigate domestic violence.

Question 9

A series of experiments conducted in 1982 showed that _______________ resulted in a significant reduction in repeat calls compared to other methods of dealing with domestic violence.

Accepted Answer

The Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment in 1982 found that mandatory arrest led to a significant reduction in repeat domestic violence incidents compared to other methods.

Question 10

Obstacles to admittance and practice in the legal profession were based on a long tradition of excluding women from it, even though some women in colonial America performed _____________ work.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is "quasi-legal" because, historically, while women were largely excluded from the formal legal profession, they often engaged in work that had legal characteristics or was related to the law, but wasn't officially recognized as part of the legal profession. This includes roles like mediators, notaries, or other positions that involved legal knowledge and skills but did not equate to being a licensed attorney or holding an official position within the legal system.

Question 11

It was believed that the practice of law required:

Accepted Answer

The practice of law is traditionally believed to require rationality, an objective demeanor, and an unemotional demeanor, making all of the options correct.

Question 12

In regard to their early exclusion from legal practice, women were viewed as lacking in the requisite _______________ and as overly subjective and emotional.

Accepted Answer

Women were historically viewed as lacking in logical capacity, which was considered necessary for legal practice, due to stereotypes about being overly subjective and emotional.

Question 13

In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court uphold the right of the state of Illinois to deny a woman her admission to legal practice?

Accepted Answer

Bradwell v. Illinois is the case in which the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the right of the state of Illinois to deny Myra Bradwell admission to the bar solely based on her gender, marking a significant moment in the history of women's rights in the United States.

Question 14

Which of the following women holds the distinction of being the first female lawyer in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Arabella Mansfield became the first female lawyer in the United States in 1869 when she was admitted to the Iowa bar, despite the bar's rules at the time which restricted the practice of law to males only.

Question 15

Which of the following women was the first Black woman to graduate law school and be admitted to the bar in 1872?

Accepted Answer

Charlotte Ray was the first Black woman to graduate from law school and be admitted to the bar in 1872, breaking significant racial and gender barriers in the legal profession.

Question 16

In which year were women admitted to the bar in all states?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In which year were women admitted to...

Question 17

By which decade were women finally being admitted to law schools and to the practice of law in larger numbers?

Accepted Answer

It was during the 1970s that significant changes occurred in the legal profession regarding the admission of women. This period saw a notable increase in the number of women attending law school and entering the legal practice, influenced by the broader women's rights movement and changes in societal attitudes towards gender equality.

Question 18

Which amendment to the Civil Rights Act of 1964 forbade discrimination in employment based on sex unless there was a bona fide occupational qualification?

Accepted Answer

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is the section that forbids employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, unless there is a bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ) that justifies such discrimination.

Question 19

According to the text, the law is _______________ (male centered), so efforts to decide issues affecting females as victims of males are likely to be stymied by the male view of what women are or should be.

Accepted Answer

Androcentric means centered around male interests and perspectives, which fits the description given in the text.

Question 20

Feminism is a set of theories and strategies for social change that takes gender as its central focus in attempting to understand social institutions, processes, and relationships.

Accepted Answer

Feminism indeed centers on understanding and addressing the ways in which gender influences social structures, institutions, and relationships, aiming for equality and the dismantling of gender-based discrimination.

Quiz 12: Women and the Law by Mary K Stohr