Question 1

Look over the list of privileges and responsibilities extended to adolescents. Do these "ring true" in your personal experiences? What privileges or responsibilities would you add to the list?

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Question 2

Describe the biological and social changes that occur during adolescence. Explain how these changes increase the likelihood of delinquency.

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Question 3

The transition from childhood to adulthood is fraught with contradictions in terms of privileges and responsibilities. Provide three examples that effectively illustrate the contradictions that adolescents often experience.

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Question 4

Indicate how a control theorist would explain the effect that social changes during adolescence have on delinquency.

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Question 5

Adolescents are more likely to associate with delinquent peers than are children and adults. Explain why this association occurs during adolescence and how it affects delinquent offending according to social learning theory.

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Question 6

Use strain and control theories to argue that peer abuse increases delinquency more during adolescence than it does during childhood.

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Question 7

Think about and write down the various ways you dealt with strains during high school. For each, indicate what type of coping was used and whether or not it was legal. Draw on discussion in the text to discuss why you were more likely to respond to strain with legal or with illegal coping responses during adolescence.

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Question 8

Explain why adolescents have fewer legal coping skills and resources than do adults.

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Question 9

What is the prevalence of life-course persistent offenders in the population?

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Question 10

Draw on discussion in the text about adolescence-limited offending to explain why a small percentage of adolescents refrain from delinquency.

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Question 11

Examine the relationship between individual traits and delinquency. In your answer identify the types of traits conducive to crime, indicate when these traits develop and how long they last, and discuss the likely causes of these traits.

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Question 12

Discuss factors that can cause poor parenting.

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Question 13

Agnew and Brezina state, "Having kids who are irritable and low in self-control is a major cause of poor parenting, and poor parenting is a major cause of irritability and low self-control." Explain this statement and describe an intervention that might break the cycle.

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Question 14

Explain the relationship between poor parenting and delinquency using control and social learning theories of crime.

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Question 15

Describe how individual traits and poor parenting lead to a variety of problems that persist over time and increase the likelihood for delinquent and criminal behaviors.

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Question 16

Design two interventions aimed at helping to reduce life-course persistent offenders' involvement in crime. Each intervention should address a different level of intervention (i.e., individual, family, community, and societal).

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Question 17

Explaining life-course patterns of offending involves the use of an integrated theory. This integrated theory can be viewed as an elaboration of which three theories? Explain how these theories integrate to form the life-course perspective and how they explain adolescent offending.

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Question 18

Briefly describe why life-course persistent offenders offend at high rates over the life course.

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Question 19

According to Laub and Sampson (1993), certain life changes can prove to be crucial turning points in the lives of young male desisters. Why is this? Provide some examples of important life changes that contribute to desistance from crime for both males and females.

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Question 20

Agnew and Brezina point out that individuals experience an increase in control when they leave adolescence and enter adulthood. How does entering adulthood contribute to their stake in conformity? Does this encourage further delinquency or desistance from crime? Why?

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Quiz 10: The Life Course