Question 1

According to Erickson (1950/1963), one of the major developmental tasks for human beings is developing ____________.

Accepted Answer

Erickson's theory of psychosocial development emphasizes the development of identity as a crucial task during adolescence, where individuals explore and form their personal identity.

Question 2

In which of these domains does the search for an identity take place?

Accepted Answer

The search for an identity takes place in all of the domains listed: physical appearance, gender roles, and career plans. These are all aspects of ourselves that we can shape and change over time, and they all play a role in forming our sense of who we are.

Question 3

What is an important part of the identity development process for adolescents from cultural minority groups?

Accepted Answer

Adolescents from cultural minority groups often face the challenge of navigating their identity in the context of societal reactions to their perceived "other-ness." This involves coping with stereotypes, discrimination, and the pressure to conform to the dominant culture while trying to maintain their cultural heritage.

Question 4

According to Beverly Tatum, when do African Americans begin to view themselves in terms of race?

Accepted Answer

Beverly Tatum, a psychologist and author, suggests that African Americans begin to view themselves in terms of race during early adolescence. This is a developmental stage when individuals become more aware of societal attitudes and start to understand how they are perceived by others, including in terms of race.

Question 5

In the study conducted by Clark and Clark (1939), African American children viewed the _________ dolls as the most appealing.

Accepted Answer

In the study by Clark and Clark (1939), African American children were shown to view white dolls as the most appealing. This study highlighted issues of racial bias and self-perception among African American children, influenced by the societal norms and racism of the time.

Question 6

"All individuals are, in some respects, like all other individuals" illustrates which level of the tripartite model?

Accepted Answer

The statement illustrates the Universal level of the tripartite model of identity, which posits that there are aspects of experience that are common to all humans, regardless of their individual or group identities.

Question 7

The Clark and Clark (1939) doll study had widespread influence in the field of psychology and beyond, including being used as evidence in which Supreme Court case?

Accepted Answer

The Clark and Clark (1939) doll study was used as evidence in the Brown vs. Board of Education Supreme Court case to demonstrate the psychological effects of segregation on African-American children, contributing to the Court's decision to declare school segregation unconstitutional.

Question 8

Nigrescence is the process of

Accepted Answer

Nigrescence is a psychological theory that describes the process of becoming Black, or the development of a Black identity, particularly in terms of racial identity and consciousness.

Question 9

Which of the following is the first stage of "nigrescence"?

Accepted Answer

The first stage of nigrescence, a model of Black identity development proposed by William E. Cross, Jr., is the Pre-encounter stage. In this stage, individuals may not be consciously aware of their Black identity and may internalize the values and norms of the dominant White culture.

Question 10

Which stage in the process of "nigrescence" is the stage where individuals experience some significant or startling event that forces them to reevaluate their previous ideas about race?

Accepted Answer

The Encounter stage in the nigrescence process is where individuals face an event that challenges their existing perceptions about race, leading to a reevaluation of their racial identity.

Question 11

Parham and Helms (1981) constructed the _________________ to measure Cross' stages of nigrescence.

Accepted Answer

Parham and Helms (1981) constructed the Racial Identity Attitude Scale (RIAS) to measure Cross' stages of nigrescence, which refers to the process of becoming black or developing a black identity.

Question 12

Mike notices the inconsistencies in his attitudes. For example, he won't buy a German-made car because of the atrocities committed by the Germans in World War II, but he buys Japanese cars even though he knows about the atrocities committed by the Japanese against the Chinese. Mike's ability to be self-critical places him in which of Cross' stages of nigrescence?

Accepted Answer

In Cross' stages of nigrescence, the Internalization stage involves a more secure and self-critical understanding of one's identity, allowing for the recognition of inconsistencies in attitudes and beliefs.

Question 13

In Helms' first status of European American racial identity development, contact:

Accepted Answer

In Helms' model of European American racial identity development, the first stage, "contact," is characterized by European Americans being unaware and uninformed about racism. They may not recognize racial differences or the systemic nature of racism.

Question 14

According to Helms, the stage of European American racial identity development in which the person concludes that the solution to racism is changing Blacks and not European Americans is known as

Accepted Answer

Pseudoindependence is the stage in which the person concludes that the solution to racism is changing Blacks and not European Americans.

Question 15

The fourth status in Helms' model of European American racial identity development is ______________, which marks the first phase in the development of a nonracist European American identity.

Accepted Answer

Pseudoindependence is the fourth status in Helms' model of European American racial identity development, representing the initial stage where individuals begin to acknowledge racial inequalities and consider their own roles within a racist society, moving towards developing a non-racist identity.

Question 16

The disappointment and guilt that Janene felt after she learned about the injustices suffered by Native Americans place her in which status of European American identity development?

Accepted Answer

The disintegration status is characterized by feelings of guilt, shame, or discomfort upon recognizing the benefits of one's own privilege and the oppression of others. Janene's feelings of disappointment and guilt after learning about the injustices suffered by Native Americans indicate that she is in the disintegration status, as she is likely experiencing a conflict between her previously held worldview and the new information she has learned about the oppression of Native Americans.

Question 17

When TV host Bill O'Reilly went to dinner in Harlem with the Rev. Al Sharpton, he expressed surprise that there were no differences between a Black-owned restaurant and a European American-owned one. This story was used in the textbook to illustrate the _________________ status of European American identity development.

Accepted Answer

The story illustrates the "Contact" status of European American identity development, where individuals may be oblivious to racial and cultural differences and may hold naive or uninformed views about race.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT one of the assumptions of Ruiz' (1990) model of Chicano/Latino identity development?

Accepted Answer

Ruiz's model of Chicano/Latino identity development does not assume that pride in one's own ethnic identity restricts freedom of choice. Instead, it suggests that such pride is beneficial and positively correlated with mental health, challenging the notion that marginality and forced assimilation are detrimental to one's identity and well-being.

Question 19

By the time Maria Teresa was in middle school, all of her friends were European American and she told everyone she was a foreign exchange student. What stage of Chicano/Latino identity development does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Maria Teresa's behavior of distancing herself from her ethnic identity and attempting to fit in with her European American peers by claiming to be a foreign exchange student reflects the Consequence stage of Chicano/Latino identity development. This stage involves dealing with the outcomes of internalized racism and possibly rejecting one's cultural background to assimilate or be accepted by the dominant culture.

Question 20

As Maria Teresa got older, she remembers hating having to translate for her parents, feeling embarrassed of them, and embarrassed to be Mexican. To her at that stage, Mexicans were "beaners" and "spics" who ate lots of beans and had lots of kids. What stage of Chicano/Latino identity development does this represent?

Accepted Answer

This stage reflects the Cognitive stage of Chicano/Latino identity development, where individuals may internalize negative stereotypes about their ethnic group and experience shame or embarrassment about their cultural background.

Quiz 7: Cultural Identity Development

According to Erickson (1950/1963) , one of the major developmental tasks for human beings is developing ____________.