Question 1

The psychodynamic approach to aggression suggests that aggression ______.

Accepted Answer

The psychodynamic approach, particularly as proposed by Freud, suggests that aggression can be understood as a natural build-up of tension (catharsis), derives from a death instinct (Thanatos), and can be seen as redirected self-destructive behavior. Thus, all of these options are aspects of the psychodynamic perspective on aggression.

Question 2

Social theories of aggression tend to focus on ______.

Accepted Answer

Social theories of aggression emphasize the role of environmental factors and social interactions in shaping aggressive behaviors, rather than innate or evolutionary aspects.

Question 3

Berkowitz argued that frustration generates anger, which in turn increases the likelihood of aggressive behaviour. However, he noted that aggressive behaviour would only arise if ______.

Accepted Answer

Berkowitz noted that aggressive behavior would only arise if there were appropriate cues in the environment that could trigger such behavior. This is part of his frustration-aggression hypothesis, which suggests that while frustration generates anger, the presence of certain cues is necessary for this anger to be expressed as aggression.

Question 4

The idea that the strength of a link between an event and a behaviour depends on whether the behaviour is rewarded or punished is known as ______.

Accepted Answer

Operant conditioning is the psychological theory proposed by B.F. Skinner, which posits that behaviors are more likely to recur if they are followed by rewards and less likely to recur if followed by punishments. This principle emphasizes the role of reinforcement and punishment in shaping behavior.

Question 5

Which of the following are criticisms of social learning theory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following are criticisms of...

Question 6

Boys are more aggressive than girls. This is due to ______.

Accepted Answer

Both hormones (such as testosterone) and gender socialisation (the process by which individuals learn the gender norms of their society) contribute to the observed differences in aggression between boys and girls. Hormones can influence behavior, but social expectations and upbringing play a significant role in how individuals express aggression.

Question 7

A(n) ______ in aggression occurs when the amount of alcohol in the bloodstream is ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n) ______ in aggression occurs when the...

Question 8

Physical factor(s) that may influence aggression are ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Physical factor(s) that may influence aggression are...

Question 9

A perception that a group is being unfairly disadvantaged compared to other people or groups is known as ______.

Accepted Answer

Relative deprivation refers to the feeling or perception that one is worse off or being unfairly disadvantaged compared to others, which can lead to dissatisfaction and grievance.

Question 10

A culture of honour is a belief system which ______.

Accepted Answer

A culture of honour endorses violence and aggression when protecting one's property and integrity, as it places a high value on personal reputation and social standing.

Question 11

The process by which individuals in a large group or crowd see themselves as an anonymous and less accountable group member rather than as an individual is ______.

Accepted Answer

Deindividuation refers to the psychological state where individuals in a group lose their sense of individual identity and feel less accountable for their actions, often leading to behavior that is uncharacteristic of their normal actions.

Question 12

Dehumanisation occurs when people fail to see others as unique ______. By considering someone else to be in some way less than human, a perpetrator is ______ to appreciate the suffering experienced by the target of their aggression.

Accepted Answer

Dehumanization involves perceiving others not as individuals with their own feelings and thoughts but rather as less than human, which makes the perpetrator less likely to empathize with their suffering.

Question 13

Verbal or physical aggression towards a relationship partner or family member is known as ______.

Accepted Answer

Domestic violence refers to verbal or physical aggression directed towards a partner or family member within the context of a domestic or family relationship.

Question 14

The erroneous belief that women secretly enjoy being sexually assaulted is known as: ______.

Accepted Answer

The term "rape myth" refers to false beliefs about sexual assault, including the erroneous belief that women may secretly enjoy being raped. This is a harmful stereotype that contributes to victim blaming and misunderstanding of the nature of sexual violence.

Question 15

Changing the conditions on which floor of Moghaddam's model can prevent terrorism?

Accepted Answer

The ground floor of Moghaddam's model represents the psychological interpretation of material conditions, such as perceived injustice and deprivation, which can be addressed to prevent the progression towards terrorism.

Question 16

Which theory suggests that aggressive behaviour occurs as a result of a natural build-up of tension in the body, which eventually needs to be released to restore balance?

Accepted Answer

The psychodynamic theory, particularly associated with Freud, suggests that aggressive behavior is the result of tension build-up in the body, which needs to be released to restore psychological balance. This theory posits that aggression is an innate drive (similar to sexual drives), and when these aggressive impulses build up, they need an outlet for release, a process Freud referred to as catharsis.

Question 17

Which theory suggests that aggressive behaviour will only arise if there are appropriate cues in the environment?

Accepted Answer

The cognitive neo-associationalist model suggests that aggressive behavior is triggered by specific cues in the environment, which activate associated aggressive thoughts and emotions.

Question 18

The excitation-transfer model suggests that arousal in one situation can carry over into a completely different situation. Such arousal is referred to as ______.

Accepted Answer

Residual arousal refers to the lingering physiological arousal from one situation that can influence emotional responses in a subsequent, unrelated situation.

Question 19

Which of the following theories focuses on explaining aggressive acts as innate tendencies rather than as a function of the situation?

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic theory, particularly as proposed by Freud, suggests that aggressive acts stem from innate drives or instincts rather than being primarily a response to external situations. This contrasts with theories that view aggression as a result of situational factors or learned behaviors.

Question 20

Bandura, Ross and Ross's (1961) classic finding that children who were given an opportunity to observe aggressive behaviour later showed aggressive behaviour themselves, supports which approach to aggression?

Accepted Answer

Bandura, Ross and Ross's study is a foundational piece of evidence for the social learning theory, which posits that people can learn new behaviors through observing others. This study specifically showed how children could learn aggressive behaviors by watching adults model those behaviors.

Quiz 10: Aggression