Question 1

Which of the following is not true of self-disclosure?
A) It is the sharing of any information about yourself with another person.
B) It should occur gradually over time, not all at once.
C) It can be counterproductive if continued without reciprocation (self-disclosure from others).
D) It requires trust.

Accepted Answer

Self-disclosure involves sharing personal, significant information about oneself that is not readily apparent to others, not just any information.

Question 2

Perception is
A) inherently, unavoidably selective
B) shaped by our limited sensory capabilities
C) the same as sensation
D) both a and b

Accepted Answer

Perception is inherently selective because we cannot attend to all stimuli in our environment simultaneously, and it is shaped by our limited sensory capabilities, meaning we can only perceive within the range of our sensory systems. Sensation refers to the process of sensing our environment through touch, taste, sight, sound, and smell, while perception is the way we interpret these sensations and therefore make sense of everything around us.

Question 3

Perception is
A) something we are born with and cannot improve
B) culturally influenced
C) best when we trust our initial impulses
D) based solely on nonverbal behavior

Accepted Answer

Perception is influenced by cultural factors, as different cultures may interpret behaviors, gestures, and situations differently. This cultural lens shapes how individuals perceive and understand the world around them.

Question 4

Which of the following is not typically a characteristic of empathy?
A) perspective taking
B) emotional understanding
C) sharing the opinion of others
D) concern for others

Accepted Answer

Empathy involves understanding and sharing the feelings of others, not necessarily sharing their opinions. It includes perspective taking, emotional understanding, and concern for others, but not agreeing with their viewpoints.

Question 5

Stimuli that we attend to is influenced by
A) the intensity of the stimuli
B) the novelty of the stimuli
C) the repetition of the stimuli
D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

The intensity, novelty, and repetition of stimuli all influence our attention to them. Intense stimuli can capture our attention due to their strength or sensory impact. Novel stimuli attract our attention because they are new and different, making them stand out. Repetitive stimuli can either increase attention through familiarity and reinforcement or decrease it due to habituation, but they still influence our attentional processes.

Question 6

Attribution is
A) assigning causes to people's behavior
B) influenced by the consistency of a person's behavior
C) often incorrect because personal traits are assumed to cause bad behavior, whereas situations often influence behavior more strongly.
D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

Attribution involves assigning causes to people's behavior, is influenced by the consistency of a person's behavior, and is often incorrect because people tend to overestimate the influence of personal traits and underestimate situational factors.

Question 7

Which of the following is true of prototypes?
A) They unfairly attribute certain attributes to a person or event.
B) They are generalizations about groups based on physical characteristics.
C) They are the best example of a given phenomenon or person.
D) They are a predictable sequence of events.

Accepted Answer

Prototypes are considered the best or most typical example of a particular category or phenomenon. They represent the quintessential characteristics of a category, making it easier for people to identify and categorize new instances based on these prototypes.

Question 8

Body image is
A) often distorted by both men and women
B) a problem for many men because they want to look more muscular
C) a problem for many women because they want to look much thinner
D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

Body image issues can affect both men and women, with men often desiring a more muscular physique and women frequently wanting to appear thinner. These concerns can lead to distorted perceptions of one's body.

Question 9

Self-esteem is
A) evaluative element of self-perception
B) the sum of all your self-schemas
C) describes your perception of self without attaching an evaluation to the perception
D) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Self-esteem is
A) evaluative element of self-perception
B) the...

Question 10

You do poorly on a speech in front of your classmates. You attribute your poor performance to "not enough time to prepare," even though you had three weeks to construct a 4-minute presentation. This is an example of
A) fundamental attribution error
B) negativity bias
C) self-serving bias
D) self-disclosure

Accepted Answer

This is an example of self-serving bias, where individuals attribute their successes to internal or personal factors but attribute their failures to external or situational factors. In this case, blaming the poor performance on "not enough time to prepare" despite having ample time is an attempt to deflect personal responsibility for the failure.

Question 11

Guidelines for appropriate self-disclosure include
A) being sensitive to cultural differences regarding self-disclosure
B) self-disclosing all at once, not in dribs and drabs
C) self-disclosing when the other person rarely, if ever, discloses
D) self-disclosing whenever you feel the need

Accepted Answer

Being sensitive to cultural differences is crucial in self-disclosure because norms and expectations around sharing personal information can vary widely across cultures. This awareness helps in navigating conversations more respectfully and effectively.

Question 12

Self-concept is
A) the descriptive element of self-perception
B) the evaluative element of self-perception
C) the same as self-esteem
D) a social appraisal of ourselves compared to others

Accepted Answer

Self-concept refers to the descriptive element of self-perception, encompassing the beliefs and knowledge one has about themselves.

Question 13

Status and connection dimensions of conversations produce different expectations and communication patterns, such as
A) status produces a desire for interdependence and intimacy
B) status produces empowerment
C) connection produces cooperation and consensus-seeking
D) connection produces a competitive urge to control conversations

Accepted Answer

Connection produces cooperation and consensus-seeking because it creates a sense of shared purpose and understanding, which in turn leads to a desire to work together to achieve common goals.

Question 14

Self-perception
A) is relatively stable
B) is a social construction
C) influences behavior
D) is all of the above

Accepted Answer

Self-perception is relatively stable as it forms part of an individual's identity, it is a social construction because it is influenced by societal norms and interactions, and it influences behavior as the way individuals view themselves affects their actions and decisions.

Question 15

Stereotyping is
A) formulating the most representative or "best" example of something, such as Irishmen or Muslims
B) always a negative view of others
C) always an incorrect generalization about a group
D) a generalization about a group and all the members that belong to that group

Accepted Answer

Stereotyping involves making generalizations about a group and all its members, which can be positive, negative, or neutral. It does not necessarily involve formulating a "best" example, nor is it always negative or incorrect, although it can lead to misunderstandings and prejudice.

Question 16

How we view ourselves is best defined as
A) self-serving bias
B) self-esteem
C) self-concept
D) self-disclosure

Accepted Answer

Self-concept refers to how we perceive, think about, and evaluate ourselves, essentially our mental and conceptual understanding of who we are.

Question 17

Which of the following is not a part of perception?
A) conceptualizing
B) selecting
C) organizing
D) interpreting

Accepted Answer

Conceptualizing is not a part of the perception process. Perception typically involves selecting, organizing, and interpreting information from the senses, not conceptualizing. Conceptualizing is more related to the process of forming concepts or general notions, which is a step beyond basic perception.

Question 18

Richard lets the door slam in your face. You assume that Richard is rude, but in actuality he simply did not see you. You are guilty in this instance of what type of error?
A) lack of empathy
B) communication competence
C) territoriality
D) negativity bias

Accepted Answer

This is an example of negativity bias, where you are more likely to remember or be influenced by negative experiences or traits (in this case, assuming rudeness) rather than considering neutral or positive explanations (such as not seeing you).

Question 19

Perception is the interpretation of data from our senses.

Accepted Answer

Perception involves the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information to represent and understand the environment.

Question 20

You are interviewed for a job. You have included five pages of outstanding accomplishments on your résumé and only one seemingly minor flaw in an otherwise-impressive record. Your interviewer, however, seems unfairly focused on your single blemish, ignoring your accomplishments. This is an example of the negativity bias.

Accepted Answer

Negativity bias refers to the tendency of individuals to give more weight and attention to negative information or experiences than to positive ones, as demonstrated by the interviewer's focus on the minor flaw over numerous accomplishments.

Quiz 2: Perceptions of Self and Others: Who Am I Who Are They

Which of the following is not true of self-disclosure?

Perception is

Perception is

Which of the following is not typically a characteristic of empathy?

Stimuli that we attend to is influenced by

Attribution is

Which of the following is true of prototypes?

Body image is

Self-esteem is

You do poorly on a speech in front of your classmates. You attribute your poor performance to "not enough time to prepare," even though you had three weeks to construct a 4-minute presentation. This is an example of

Guidelines for appropriate self-disclosure include

Self-concept is

Status and connection dimensions of conversations produce different expectations and communication patterns, such as

Self-perception

Stereotyping is

How we view ourselves is best defined as

Which of the following is not a part of perception?

Richard lets the door slam in your face. You assume that Richard is rude, but in actuality he simply did not see you. You are guilty in this instance of what type of error?

Perception is the interpretation of data from our senses.