Question 1

The ______ process intentionally creates equivalence.

Accepted Answer

Matching intentionally creates equivalence by pairing individuals or groups based on certain characteristics or criteria to ensure that they are comparable.

Question 2

______ refers to the generalizability of results to other person's.

Accepted Answer

External validity refers to the generalizability of results to other persons, settings, or times.

Question 3

Cory conducted a study asking teenagers about their views on romance. He wants to know how much his results are applicable to other teenagers. Cory is interested in how ______ his research is.

Accepted Answer

Cory is interested in the generalizability of his research, which refers to the extent to which the findings from his study can be applied to or affect other groups or situations beyond the specific context of his research.

Question 4

______ can be considered a type of external validity.

Accepted Answer

Ecological validity refers to the extent to which the findings of a research study can be generalized to real-world settings. This makes it a type of external validity, which is concerned with the generalizability of the study's results beyond the specific conditions in which the study was conducted.

Question 5

The degree of verisimilitude (i.e., lifelikeness) of the research to the events and characteristics of real life is relevant to which type of validity.

Accepted Answer

Ecological validity refers to the extent to which the findings of a research study are able to be generalized to real-life settings. The degree of verisimilitude, or lifelikeness, is directly related to ecological validity because it concerns how similar the conditions and outcomes of the study are to those that occur in natural settings.

Question 6

All experiments must include the situation or intervention that does not need to exist in the real world.

Accepted Answer

Experiments are designed to test hypotheses and understand relationships between variables, and they can be based on real-world situations or theoretical scenarios. They do not necessarily require situations or interventions that do not exist in the real world.

Question 7

This variable whose impact we are trying to assess is known as the dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

The variable whose impact we are trying to assess is known as the independent variable, while the dependent variable is the one that is affected by the independent variable.

Question 8

The first potential threat to internal validity is history.

Accepted Answer

History refers to specific events that occur between the first and second measurement in an experiment that are not part of the experimental manipulation but can affect the dependent variable, thus posing a threat to internal validity by introducing alternative explanations for any observed changes.

Question 9

If we can assume our experimental and control groups were equal to begin with and if we use appropriate controls, high internal validity will result.

Accepted Answer

High internal validity is achieved when an experiment is designed and conducted in such a way that it can be concluded that the observed effects were due to the manipulation of the independent variable and not due to other factors. Assuming experimental and control groups are equal at the start and using appropriate controls are key methods to ensure that other variables are not influencing the outcome, thus leading to high internal validity.

Question 10

The random assignment is achieved by letting "chance" be the sole determinant of which group.

Accepted Answer

Random assignment involves allocating participants to different groups based on chance alone, ensuring that each participant has an equal opportunity to be assigned to any given group, thereby reducing selection bias and contributing to the internal validity of an experiment.

Question 11

The matching process unintentionally creates equivalence.

Accepted Answer

The matching process is designed to pair subjects based on certain criteria to ensure comparability, not to create equivalence, as it cannot guarantee identical groups but aims to reduce confounding variables.

Question 12

Cultural context is not necessary when interpreting meaning because human behavior occurs outside of cultural influence.

Accepted Answer

Cultural context is crucial in interpreting meaning because human behavior and communication are deeply influenced by cultural norms and values.

Question 13

Identify the key differences between internal and external validity and discuss how to achieve internal and external validity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the key differences between internal and...

Question 14

Summarize and distinguish between the four threats to internal validity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Summarize and distinguish between the four threats...

Question 15

Compare and contrast external validity and ecological validity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast external validity and ecological...

Question 16

Summarize what it means to have statistical conclusion validity and discuss why it is important.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Summarize what it means to have statistical...

Question 17

Consider the process of isolating causes and discuss the role of causation in experimentation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Consider the process of isolating causes and...

Question 18

Propose a research study and include information regarding the following study elements:
a. name the independent variable in this study
b. name the dependent variable in this study
c. Wwhat does it mean to say that the differences between groups are statistically significant?
d. evaluate the study's internal validity, identify what threat(s) to internal validity you believe might be present, and state how you might safeguard the study to control for those threats.
e. show that you understand the concept of external validity by identifying potential external validity concerns in this study
f. evaluate the study's ecological validity

Accepted Answer

The answer of Propose a research study and include information...

Quiz 6: Eliminating Rival Plausible Explanations: the Experiment