Question 1

Research indicates that regularly viewing of television portrayals of highly attractive persons can lead to ____.

Accepted Answer

Regular exposure to television portrayals of highly attractive individuals often leads to increased body dissatisfaction among viewers, as they may compare themselves unfavorably to these idealized images.

Question 2

It is likely that regular viewing of advertising by children will ____.

Accepted Answer

Advertising, especially for food products, often promotes high-calorie and low-nutrient foods, which can influence children's preferences towards these less healthy options.

Question 3

_________ occurs when children's value as consumers trumps their value as people, threatening their physical, psychological, social, emotional, and spiritual development.

Accepted Answer

A

Question 4

Shirley Steinberg contends that the writers of children's and adolescent's "cultural curriculum" are not educational agencies but rather commercial concerns that operate not for the social good but for individual gain, leading to __________, the corporate construction of childhood.

Accepted Answer

Shirley Steinberg argues that the "cultural curriculum" for children and adolescents is shaped by commercial interests rather than educational ones, leading to "kinderculture," which refers to the corporate-driven construction of childhood.

Question 5

One potentially negative effect of our over-reliance on our smartphones is that their mere presence, even if we're not using them, reduces our available cognitive capacity, a phenomenon researchers call____.

Accepted Answer

The correct term is "the brain drain hypothesis," which suggests that the mere presence of our smartphones can reduce our cognitive capacity because part of our brain is preoccupied with the potential of receiving notifications or messages, even if we are not actively using the phone.

Question 6

There is evidence that the simole lack of easy access to a smartphone can create a negative feeling in users that can be relieved only through reconnection with their beloved device, a phenomenon researchers call____.

Accepted Answer

Nomophobia refers to the fear of being without one's mobile phone or being unable to use it for some reason. This term directly relates to the anxiety and negative feelings experienced when someone is unable to access their smartphone.

Question 7

The social skills model of problematic SNS use argues that ______.

Accepted Answer

The social skills model suggests that individuals who prefer online communication may lack offline social skills, making them more prone to problematic social networking site (SNS) use or addiction.

Question 8

You go to Facebook expecting to pass an enjoyable few minutes before class, but what you encounter there just makes you unhappy. You have experienced ______.

Accepted Answer

Affective forecasting error occurs when people mispredict the emotional impact of an event, such as expecting to enjoy browsing Facebook but ending up feeling unhappy instead.

Question 9

_______ is the idea that people, in order to satisfy their need to evaluate their own opinions and abilities and to reduce uncertainties they may have about themselves, make comparative judgments of various aspects of the lives and experiences of those around themselves.

Accepted Answer

Social comparison theory explains how individuals evaluate their own opinions and abilities by comparing themselves to others in order to reduce uncertainties about themselves and to understand where they stand in relation to others.

Question 10

Superpeer theory states that __________.

Accepted Answer

Superpeer theory suggests that media can act like influential peers, making risky behaviors appear normal or acceptable, much like how a persuasive friend might influence behavior.

Question 11

Children achieve ______ when they understand that mental states are representational, can be private, and can change and differ across individuals.

Accepted Answer

Theory of Mind refers to the understanding that other people have their own thoughts, beliefs, desires, and perspectives that can be different from one's own. This cognitive ability enables individuals to recognize that mental states can be representational, private, and vary among individuals.

Question 12

The idea that young people learn about sex through snippets of information they collect from a variety of sources from which they piece together memory structures that shape their attitudes, expectations, and behaviors surrounding sex is __________.

Accepted Answer

Scripting theory suggests that individuals learn about social behaviors, including sexual behaviors, through cultural scripts that they piece together from various sources, shaping their attitudes and expectations.

Question 13

There is no clear research evidence that exposure to thinness depicting and promoting media leads to distorted body-image perception in school-age females and college women.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that exposure to media promoting thinness can negatively impact body image perception among school-age females and college women, leading to issues such as body dissatisfaction and eating disorders.

Question 14

Objectification theory springs from drawn from feminist critical theory.

Accepted Answer

Objectification theory is indeed rooted in feminist critical theory, as it addresses the ways in which women's bodies are objectified and the psychological consequences of this objectification.

Question 15

Children near 7 or 8 years old can distinguish between commercials and other content and they understand the commercials' selling intent.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Children near 7 or 8 years old...

Question 16

The concept of the "early window" suggests that children encounter the world through television before they are developmentally capable of competently interacting with it.

Accepted Answer

The "early window" hypothesis posits that television serves as an initial lens through which young children view and understand the world, often before they have the cognitive skills to fully engage with or interpret real-world experiences.

Question 17

The U.S. government is a global leader in protecting children from potentially harmful effects of advertising.

Accepted Answer

The U.S. does not have the most stringent regulations on advertising to children compared to some other countries, such as those in Scandinavia or the European Union, where stricter controls on advertising to children are in place.

Question 18

Eight- to eighteen-year-olds spend more time with media than in any other activity besides (maybe) sleeping.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that children and teenagers aged 8 to 18 spend a significant amount of time on media, including TV, internet, and video games, often exceeding the time spent on any other activity except for sleeping.

Question 19

Preschool children who have a television in the bedroom and are exposed to higher levels of background television tend to more quickly develop Theory of Mind.

Accepted Answer

Preschool children who have a television in the bedroom and are exposed to higher levels of background television tend to have delayed development in Theory of Mind, as excessive television exposure can detract from valuable social interactions and experiences necessary for developing this cognitive ability.

Question 20

Self-complexity is the ability to see oneself as having different self-concepts across different situations.

Accepted Answer

Self-complexity refers to the extent to which an individual perceives themselves as having multiple and distinct aspects to their self-concept in different contexts or roles.

Quiz 8: Theories of Media and Human Development