Question 1

In order to determine whether a cell has recently divided

Accepted Answer

Artificial thymidines, such as bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), can be incorporated into newly synthesized DNA during cell division, allowing for the detection of cells that have recently divided. This method is commonly used in cell proliferation assays.

Question 2

Although most neurons do not divide after an organism reaches adulthood, limited neuronal cell division appears to continue in which of the following brain regions?

Accepted Answer

The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is one of the few areas in the adult brain where neurogenesis, or the formation of new neurons, has been consistently observed. This process is crucial for certain types of learning and memory.

Question 3

Consider figure 05-03. In the text This cell is known to be a neuron because

Accepted Answer

NeuN is a neuronal marker, while GFAP is a marker for glial cells. A cell expressing NeuN but not GFAP indicates it is a neuron, not a glial cell.

Question 4

The picture below is a hippocampal section from an animal injected with tritiated thymidine shortly after birth and sacrificed two weeks later. What can you conclude from this image?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The picture below is a hippocampal section...

Question 5

The brain volume significantly expands over the first 9 months after a human is born. What is most likely responsible for this change in brain volume?

Accepted Answer

The significant expansion of brain volume in the first 9 months after birth is primarily due to the increased number of glia cells and the formation of myelin. Glia cells support and protect neurons, while myelination helps in the efficient transmission of neural signals, both contributing to brain volume increase.

Question 6

The brain is protected from physical trauma by

Accepted Answer

The brain is protected from physical trauma by the skull, which has a shape that helps distribute force, cerebrospinal fluid that cushions the brain, and the meninges, especially the tough dura mater layer.

Question 7

The subarachnoid space lies between the arachnoid membrane and the _________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The subarachnoid space lies between the arachnoid...

Question 8

Place the following events in order by numbering 1-3: ____ CSF moves into the subarachnoid space ____ CSF production in the floor of the lateral ventricles and roof of the 3^rd and 4^th ventricle ____ CSF crosses arachnoid membrane and moves into veins and venous sinuses

Accepted Answer

The answer of Place the following events in order by...

Question 9

An ultrasound of a 6 month old fetus shows abnormally large brain ventricles, similar to the image found in Figure 05-09. In the text One cause of this might be

Accepted Answer

Blockage of the cerebral aqueduct can lead to hydrocephalus, which is characterized by abnormally large brain ventricles due to the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This condition can be observed in a fetus through ultrasound imaging. Reduced production of CSF or incomplete fusion of the skull at the fontanelles would not typically result in enlarged ventricles.

Question 10

You are studying an environmental toxin that is sometimes found in the blood supply (circulation) in animals. The substance is a small hydrophilic (polar) molecule. What is most likely true regarding this molecule?

Accepted Answer

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is highly selective, allowing only certain substances to cross from the bloodstream into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Small hydrophilic (polar) molecules generally do not cross the BBB easily, unlike small lipophilic (nonpolar) molecules, which can pass through more readily.

Question 11

The arachnoid membrane and subarachnoid space takes its name from its "spider web" appearance. What protein are these fibers composed of?

Accepted Answer

The fibers of the arachnoid membrane and subarachnoid space are composed of collagen, which gives them their characteristic "spider web" appearance. Collagen is a structural protein that provides strength and elasticity to connective tissues.

Question 12

What is true of the lateral ventricles?

Accepted Answer

The lateral ventricles are indeed often referred to as the "first and second" ventricles, highlighting their position in the brain's ventricular system. They are connected to each other through the interventricular foramina (foramina of Monro), allowing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to flow between them. CSF is contained within these ventricles, and it is produced by the choroid plexus, which is located in the floor of the lateral ventricles among other areas. Therefore, all the statements are true regarding the lateral ventricles.

Question 13

Brain tumors, ruptured blood vessels in the brain, and blockage of the flow of CSF are all dangerous and have the potential to cause catastrophic injury because of an increase in __________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Brain tumors, ruptured blood vessels in the...

Question 14

What is true about a subdural hematoma?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is true about a subdural hematoma?
...

Question 15

How would you set up an experiment (similar to those performed by Ehrlich and Goldman) to test whether neural tissue is protected from molecules circulating in the bloodstream? Indicate which step would NOT be necessary.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How would you set up an experiment...

Question 16

Specialized endothelial cells in the brain are responsible for much of the function of the blood-brain barrier. Which of the following characteristics allow this specialized activity?

Accepted Answer

The blood-brain barrier is maintained by tight junctions between endothelial cells (B) and transport proteins that facilitate the passage of essential nutrients like glucose (C) into the brain.

Question 17

First generation anti-histamines differ from newer anti-histamine drugs because the first generation drugs can ______________________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of First generation anti-histamines differ from newer anti-histamine...

Question 18

You are designing a new anti-histamine drug for allergy relief, with greater ability to limit histamine-induced inflammation and therefore reduce symptoms like watery eyes and runny nose. What is important to keep in mind as you design this new molecule?

Accepted Answer

The ideal anti-histamine drug should not readily cross the blood-brain barrier to avoid central nervous system side effects like drowsiness, and it should be highly specific in its ability to bind histamine receptors to effectively limit histamine-induced inflammation without unnecessary side effects.

Question 19

Predict what would happen in the arachnoid membrane if the cells of the arachnoid barrier had fewer tight junctions.

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions in the arachnoid barrier are crucial for preventing unwanted substances from entering the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the bloodstream. If there are fewer tight junctions, it would compromise this barrier function, potentially allowing toxins to enter the CSF.

Question 20

Predict what would happen in the arachnoid membrane if the cells of the arachnoid barrier were exposed to a drug that limited their ability to form membrane-bound vacuoles.

Accepted Answer

The arachnoid barrier cells play a role in the movement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to the circulation. If their ability to form membrane-bound vacuoles is limited, it could impede the transfer of CSF to the bloodstream.

Quiz 5: Protecting and Maintaining the Adult Nervous System

In order to determine whether a cell has recently divided

Although most neurons do not divide after an organism reaches adulthood, limited neuronal cell division appears to continue in which of the following brain regions?

Consider figure 05-03. In the text This cell is known to be a neuron because

The picture below is a hippocampal section from an animal injected with tritiated thymidine shortly after birth and sacrificed two weeks later. What can you conclude from this image?

The brain volume significantly expands over the first 9 months after a human is born. What is most likely responsible for this change in brain volume?

The brain is protected from physical trauma by

The subarachnoid space lies between the arachnoid membrane and the _________________.

Place the following events in order by numbering 1-3: CSF moves into the subarachnoid space CSF production in the floor of the lateral ventricles and roof of the 3^rd and 4^th ventricle CSF crosses arachnoid membrane and moves into veins and venous sinuses

An ultrasound of a 6 month old fetus shows abnormally large brain ventricles, similar to the image found in Figure 05-09. In the text One cause of this might be

You are studying an environmental toxin that is sometimes found in the blood supply (circulation) in animals. The substance is a small hydrophilic (polar) molecule. What is most likely true regarding this molecule?

The arachnoid membrane and subarachnoid space takes its name from its "spider web" appearance. What protein are these fibers composed of?

What is true of the lateral ventricles?

Brain tumors, ruptured blood vessels in the brain, and blockage of the flow of CSF are all dangerous and have the potential to cause catastrophic injury because of an increase in __________________.

What is true about a subdural hematoma?

How would you set up an experiment (similar to those performed by Ehrlich and Goldman) to test whether neural tissue is protected from molecules circulating in the bloodstream? Indicate which step would NOT be necessary.

Specialized endothelial cells in the brain are responsible for much of the function of the blood-brain barrier. Which of the following characteristics allow this specialized activity?

First generation anti-histamines differ from newer anti-histamine drugs because the first generation drugs can ______________________________.

You are designing a new anti-histamine drug for allergy relief, with greater ability to limit histamine-induced inflammation and therefore reduce symptoms like watery eyes and runny nose. What is important to keep in mind as you design this new molecule?

Predict what would happen in the arachnoid membrane if the cells of the arachnoid barrier had fewer tight junctions.

Predict what would happen in the arachnoid membrane if the cells of the arachnoid barrier were exposed to a drug that limited their ability to form membrane-bound vacuoles.

Quiz 5: Protecting and Maintaining the Adult Nervous System

In order to determine whether a cell has recently divided

Although most neurons do not divide after an organism reaches adulthood, limited neuronal cell division appears to continue in which of the following brain regions?

Consider figure 05-03. In the text This cell is known to be a neuron because

The picture below is a hippocampal section from an animal injected with tritiated thymidine shortly after birth and sacrificed two weeks later. What can you conclude from this image?

The brain volume significantly expands over the first 9 months after a human is born. What is most likely responsible for this change in brain volume?

The brain is protected from physical trauma by

The subarachnoid space lies between the arachnoid membrane and the _________________.

Place the following events in order by numbering 1-3: ____ CSF moves into the subarachnoid space ____ CSF production in the floor of the lateral ventricles and roof of the 3rd and 4th ventricle ____ CSF crosses arachnoid membrane and moves into veins and venous sinuses

An ultrasound of a 6 month old fetus shows abnormally large brain ventricles, similar to the image found in Figure 05-09. In the text One cause of this might be

You are studying an environmental toxin that is sometimes found in the blood supply (circulation) in animals. The substance is a small hydrophilic (polar) molecule. What is most likely true regarding this molecule?

The arachnoid membrane and subarachnoid space takes its name from its "spider web" appearance. What protein are these fibers composed of?

What is true of the lateral ventricles?

Brain tumors, ruptured blood vessels in the brain, and blockage of the flow of CSF are all dangerous and have the potential to cause catastrophic injury because of an increase in __________________.

What is true about a subdural hematoma?

How would you set up an experiment (similar to those performed by Ehrlich and Goldman) to test whether neural tissue is protected from molecules circulating in the bloodstream? Indicate which step would NOT be necessary.

Specialized endothelial cells in the brain are responsible for much of the function of the blood-brain barrier. Which of the following characteristics allow this specialized activity?

First generation anti-histamines differ from newer anti-histamine drugs because the first generation drugs can ______________________________.

You are designing a new anti-histamine drug for allergy relief, with greater ability to limit histamine-induced inflammation and therefore reduce symptoms like watery eyes and runny nose. What is important to keep in mind as you design this new molecule?

Predict what would happen in the arachnoid membrane if the cells of the arachnoid barrier had fewer tight junctions.

Predict what would happen in the arachnoid membrane if the cells of the arachnoid barrier were exposed to a drug that limited their ability to form membrane-bound vacuoles.

Place the following events in order by numbering 1-3: CSF moves into the subarachnoid space CSF production in the floor of the lateral ventricles and roof of the 3^rd and 4^th ventricle CSF crosses arachnoid membrane and moves into veins and venous sinuses