Question 1

Which is not an effect of technology on the criminal justice system?

Accepted Answer

Technology itself does not directly cause the crime rate to go down; it is a tool that can be used by law enforcement and the criminal justice system to potentially reduce crime through improved surveillance, data analysis, and efficiency in operations. However, the mere presence of technology does not guarantee a decrease in crime rates, as this outcome depends on various factors including how technology is implemented and used by society and law enforcement.

Question 2

After World War II, the reasons for developing a decentralized national computer network were _____ and _____.

Accepted Answer

The development of a decentralized national computer network after World War II was driven by military and scientific reasons. The military sought a communication system that could survive a nuclear attack, while scientists needed a way to share data and research across long distances.

Question 3

This officially went online in October 1969 with a test message sent from UCLA to the Stanford Research Institute.

Accepted Answer

ARPANET, the precursor to the modern Internet, officially went online in October 1969 with a test message sent from UCLA to the Stanford Research Institute.

Question 4

In 1987, this agency over responsibility for ARPANET's civilian nodes and created the system eventually known as the Internet.

Accepted Answer

The National Science Foundation (NSF) took over responsibility for ARPANET's civilian nodes in 1987, which was a significant step in the development of the system that would eventually become known as the Internet.

Question 5

This is a part of the World Wide Web that is accessible only with certain types of software or authorization.

Accepted Answer

The dark web is a part of the World Wide Web that requires specific software or authorization to access, often used for privacy and anonymity.

Question 6

This legislation specifically prohibits pretexting to obtain consumers' personal financial information, such as bank balances, from financial institutions.

Accepted Answer

The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act specifically addresses the protection of consumers' personal financial information and prohibits obtaining such information under false pretenses, a practice known as pretexting.

Question 7

Despite the increased level of sophistication required to commit offenses such as robbery and theft that has resulted from the advances in technology, these offenses are mostly an extension of this type of crime.

Accepted Answer

Robbery and theft, despite technological advancements, are primarily extensions of street crime, which involves crimes committed in public spaces or other settings not typically associated with the professional environment of white-collar or organized crime.

Question 8

Technological efforts at protecting banks utilize situational crime prevention. This is an extension of which theory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Technological efforts at protecting banks utilize situational...

Question 9

What is the security focus of modern banking?

Accepted Answer

Modern banking focuses on loss limitation, which involves minimizing the impact of security breaches and fraud through measures like insurance, fraud detection systems, and rapid response protocols.

Question 10

Concerns about which offense led to the development of technological innovations such as fingerprint scanners and voice recognition software?

Accepted Answer

Identity theft has been a major driver for the development of technologies like fingerprint scanners and voice recognition software, as these technologies help in verifying and protecting individuals' identities.

Question 11

Crime is _____ defined.

Accepted Answer

Crime is socially defined because it is based on the norms and values of a society, which determine what is considered criminal behavior.

Question 12

One key consequence the Internet has had for traditional criminal justice is its effect on this.

Accepted Answer

The Internet has significantly affected jurisdiction in traditional criminal justice because it allows crimes to be committed across geographic boundaries, complicating the process of determining which legal authority has the right to prosecute.

Question 13

Legal jurisdiction can be established by all but which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Legal jurisdiction is typically established based on geography, political boundaries, and the nature of the offense. The victim's nationality alone does not establish legal jurisdiction.

Question 14

This is the unauthorized use of an information system or network.

Accepted Answer

Hacking refers to the unauthorized access or use of an information system or network, typically for malicious purposes.

Question 15

Why did perpetrators of early technology-based crime, such as "the Whistler" and "Cap'n Crunch" break the law?

Accepted Answer

These individuals were primarily motivated by a desire to learn and understand how telecommunication systems worked, rather than financial gain, employment, or revenge. Their actions were driven by curiosity and a passion for exploring the limits of technology.

Question 16

Which of the following is not a characteristic common to computer networks on which crime is common?

Accepted Answer

Computer networks on which crime is common typically do not have limited access. Instead, they are often characterized by their openness or ease of access, which facilitates a wider range of criminal activities. Networks that offer anonymity, are large, and versatile are more prone to criminal activities due to the ease of hiding one's identity, the broad attack surface, and the various ways they can be exploited, respectively.

Question 17

This is unsolicited e-mail advertising a product or service that is sent in bulk to large numbers of people.

Accepted Answer

Spam refers to unsolicited email sent in bulk, often for advertising purposes.

Question 18

Which of the following theories explains Internet crime by suggesting that people behave differently online than they do offline?

Accepted Answer

Space transition theory explains Internet crime by suggesting that people may behave differently online than they do offline due to the anonymity and lack of physical presence, which can lead to a sense of detachment from societal norms and consequences.

Question 19

Which federal agency coordinates responses to computer-based attacks in the United States?

Accepted Answer

US-CERT, which stands for United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team, is the primary federal agency responsible for coordinating responses to cyber incidents and improving the nation's cybersecurity posture.

Question 20

According to opportunity theory, the opportunity for crime on the Internet is increased because of this.

Accepted Answer

The Internet is not bound by physical place, which increases opportunities for crime as it allows offenders to commit crimes from anywhere without geographical constraints.

Quiz 14: Criminology, Technology, and Privacy