Explain how psychologist Sandra Bem's theory of gender polarization emphasizes how Western cultures perceive of sex and gender as interchangeable and gender categories as fixed and oppositional.

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The Answer is Sandra Bem's theory of gender polarization emphasizes how Western cultures perceive sex and gender as interchangeable and gender categories as fixed and oppositional by highlighting the ways in which society reinforces traditional gender roles and expectations. Bem argues that Western cultures tend to view sex and gender as synonymous, leading to the belief that individuals must conform to strict gender norms based on their biological sex. This results in the polarization of gender, where traits and behaviors are categorized as either masculine or feminine, with little room for overlap or fluidity.

Bem's theory also points out how Western cultures reinforce the idea that gender categories are fixed and oppositional, meaning that individuals are expected to conform to either a masculine or feminine identity, with little acceptance for those who do not fit neatly into these binary categories. This can lead to the marginalization and stigmatization of individuals who do not conform to traditional gender norms, as well as limited opportunities for self-expression and personal fulfillment.

Overall, Bem's theory of gender polarization sheds light on how Western cultures perpetuate rigid and limiting views of sex and gender, ultimately impacting individuals' experiences and opportunities for self-expression and identity development.

Explain How Psychologist Sandra Bem's Theory of Gender Polarization Emphasizes