Question 1

What statement leads the nurse to determine that a child's parent understands information related to tick bites?

Accepted Answer

People should keep skin covered by wearing protective clothing in wooded areas to prevent tick bites.

Question 2

A child is admitted to the pediatric unit with a diagnosis of cellulitis on the right upper thigh.Patient history reveals the child had a 2-cm laceration on the right thigh prior to infection.When explaining the chain of infection,how does the nurse identify this laceration?

Accepted Answer

The chain of infection refers to the way in which organisms spread and infect the individual.A portal of entry is a route by which the organisms enter the body (e.g.,a cut in the skin).A portal of exit is the route by which the organisms exit the body (e.g.,feces or urine).A reservoir for infection is a place that supports the growth of organisms (e.g.,standing,stagnant water).A vector is an insect or animal that carries and spreads a disease.

Question 3

The mother of a newborn asked the nurse,"When will my baby get the hepatitis B vaccine?" When will the nurse explain the first dose of Comvax should be given to infants born to a hepatitis B-positive mother?

Accepted Answer

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that Comvax,the only thimerosal-free hepatitis B vaccine,should be used for infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers within 12 hours of birth.

Question 4

Which statement made by a sexually active adolescent girl indicates an understanding of the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases?

Accepted Answer

The use of condoms to prevent STDs is not considered 100% effective but is recommended for sexual intercourse.

Question 5

A 9-year-old child hospitalized for neutropenia is placed in protective isolation.What is the most appropriate response for the nurse to make when the child asks,"Why do you have to wear a gown and mask when you are in my room?"

Accepted Answer

Protective isolation is used for patients who are not communicable but have a lowered resistance and are highly susceptible to infection.

Question 6

Which statement assures the nurse that parents understand how long a child who has varicella is contagious?

Accepted Answer

The child with varicella is contagious for 6 days after the appearance of the rash.

Question 7

Which classification of medication would make a child most susceptible to an opportunistic infection?

Accepted Answer

Steroids are immunosuppressive drugs that make the child very susceptible to opportunistic infections.

Question 8

Which finding would lead the nurse to delay the administration of DTaP for an infant?

Accepted Answer

A contraindication to giving the DTaP vaccine is a 40.5° C (105° F)temperature following the previous vaccination.

Question 9

A child was sent to the school nurse because of a rash.The nurse noted the rash was present on the trunk,extremities,and face.The child's cheeks were bright red.With what is the nurse aware this type of rash is consistent?

Accepted Answer

In fifth disease,the child has a generalized rash and the cheeks have a slapped-cheek appearance.

Question 10

An adolescent is taking tetracycline for a sexually transmitted disease.What would the nurse stress when providing instruction about this medication?

Accepted Answer

The nurse would teach the adolescent to take all of the prescribed medication to avoid making the microorganism resistant to tetracyclines.

Question 11

An infant is hospitalized for RSV bronchiolitis.Which type of precautions would the nurse use when caring for the infant?

Accepted Answer

Contact precautions are used when the condition transmits organisms via skin-to-skin contact or indirect touch of a contaminated fomite.

Question 12

An 8-year-old asks the nurse how she got the antibodies that kept her from getting whooping cough.What is the nurse's best explanation?

Accepted Answer

Vaccines contain live weakened or dead organisms not strong enough to cause disease but they stimulate the body to develop an immune reaction and antibodies.This is active acquired immunity.

Question 13

The nurse is preparing to administer immunizations at a well-child clinic.Which method of administration will the nurse implement?

Accepted Answer

Hib vaccine must be given in a separate syringe from other vaccines administered at the same time.

Question 14

Which is an example of an opportunistic infection?

Accepted Answer

Pneumocystis jiroveci is the most common of opportunistic diseases.

Question 15

What type of precautions are necessary when caring for a toddler with varicella?

Accepted Answer

Airborne-infection precautions are used for patients with conditions such as tuberculosis,varicella,and rubella.Small airborne particles caught on floating dust in the room can be inhaled from anywhere in the room.

Question 16

The nurse explains to the parents that their child is in the prodromal stage of varicella.What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

The prodromal stage is the initial stage of the communicable disease in which the child is infected and contagious but does not yet have outward signs of the disease.

Question 17

What is the priority nursing diagnosis for a hospitalized infant who is HIV positive?

Accepted Answer

The infant who is HIV positive has impaired immunologic functioning and is at high risk for infection.

Question 18

The nurse is planning to administer immunizations at a well-child visit when a parent reports the 18-month-old child is allergic to eggs.Which vaccine would be contraindicated?

Accepted Answer

The influenza vaccine should not be given to children who are allergic to eggs.

Question 19

How would the nurse document a rash that has erythematous,circular raised lesions?

Accepted Answer

A papule is a circular,reddened elevated area on the skin.

Question 20

A 10-year-old child is diagnosed with Hepatitis A.What is the most likely way the child contracted this disease?

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis A results from ingestion of contaminated water or shellfish.

Quiz 32: Childhood Communicable Diseases, Bioterrorism, Natural Disasters and the Maternal-Child Patient