Question 1

By _________, an all-white U.S. Supreme Court had redefined Indigenous societies as "domestic dependent nations."

Accepted Answer

In 1831, the U.S. Supreme Court, which was entirely composed of white justices at the time, issued a ruling that redefined Indigenous societies as "domestic dependent nations." This classification emerged from the case Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, establishing a framework for the legal and political relationship between the United States government and Indigenous tribes.

Question 2

By _________, white government officials had the power to stop making treaties with Native Americans.

Accepted Answer

In 1871, the U.S. government officially ended the practice of making treaties with Native American tribes, marking a significant shift in the federal government's approach to dealing with Native American nations.

Question 3

As of _________, when the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples was adopted by the U.N. General Assembly, the U.S. government was among only four of the 192 countries to vote against these rights. (Later, under President Barack Obama, the government reversed this position.)

Accepted Answer

The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples was adopted in 2007, and initially, the U.S. was one of the four countries that voted against it.

Question 4

The first Africans brought into the English colonies were bought by Jamestown colonists from a Dutch-flagged ship in _________.

Accepted Answer

The first Africans brought into the English colonies were bought by Jamestown colonists from a Dutch-flagged ship in 1619. This event is often cited as the beginning of the history of African Americans in the English colonies that would become the United States.

Question 5

Laws firmly institutionalizing slavery were not put in place in the English colonies until the mid- _________ century.

Accepted Answer

Laws institutionalizing slavery in the English colonies were first established in the mid-seventeenth century, marking the legal beginning of racialized slavery in what would become the United States.

Question 6

Between the 1600s and the 1820s, at least ____________ Africans were forcibly brought to the Americas, while in contrast ____________ European immigrants came during the same period.

Accepted Answer

Between the 1600s and the 1820s, at least eight million Africans were forcibly brought to the Americas as part of the transatlantic slave trade, in stark contrast to the approximately 850,000 European immigrants who voluntarily moved to the Americas during the same period.

Question 7

The trade in enslaved Africans was begun by the ____________ and ____________ as they developed overseas empires.

Accepted Answer

The Portuguese and Spanish were among the first European powers to begin the trade in enslaved Africans as part of their efforts to build and expand their overseas empires in the 15th and 16th centuries, respectively.

Question 8

Plantation owners demanded large numbers of workers, and the number of those enslaved grew rapidly, to several million by the 1860s. By the 1770s about ____ percent of the population in southern areas of the U.S. was African American.

Accepted Answer

By the 1770s, approximately 40 percent of the population in the southern areas of the United States was African American, reflecting the heavy reliance on enslaved Africans for labor in plantation agriculture.

Question 9

In the decade preceding the Civil War, _________ of white families in southern and border states legally owned nearly _________ black Americans.

Accepted Answer

In the decade before the Civil War, about one-quarter of white families in the southern and border states legally owned nearly four million black Americans, reflecting the widespread institution of slavery in those regions.

Question 10

New York City's famous Wall Street sold enslaved black Americans up until ________.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is E because the transatlantic slave trade was abolished in the United States in 1808, and the last known slave auction in New York City was held in 1862.

Question 11

It is estimated today that at least _________ of "black" Americans have at least one "white" ancestor.

Accepted Answer

The answer of It is estimated today that at least...

Question 12

Please identify the FALSE statement.

Accepted Answer

Statements A, B, C, and D are true as they accurately describe the significant role that the slave trade and the labor of enslaved people played in generating wealth and supporting the agricultural and economic systems of the time. However, statement E is false because the success of the U.S. textile industry in the 19th century was heavily dependent on cotton, which was predominantly cultivated by the labor of enslaved African Americans. The brutal conditions under which this labor was extracted were a critical component of the industry's profitability and growth.

Question 13

George Washington, the first U.S. president, was one of the wealthiest Americans. He:

Accepted Answer

George Washington was indeed one of the wealthiest Americans of his time, with his wealth coming from various sources. He owned over 36,000 acres of land across the American colonies, held significant investments in banks and land companies, and enslaved over 200 black Americans, whom he considered economic assets essential for his wealth accumulation. These points collectively reflect the multifaceted aspects of his wealth and his views on slavery as an economic institution.

Question 14

The principal author of the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson:

Accepted Answer

Thomas Jefferson was indeed wealthy due to his vast landholdings and the enslavement of hundreds of African Americans. Despite his occasional criticisms of slavery, he rarely took action to free the individuals he enslaved, making all the provided statements accurate.

Question 15

The principal author of the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson:

Accepted Answer

Thomas Jefferson, despite his contributions to American ideals of liberty and democracy, did not take significant steps to end slavery during his political career, fathered children with Sally Hemings, an enslaved woman at Monticello, and was known to pursue escaped slaves and administer harsh punishments.

Question 16

The ____________ removed the few remaining federal troops and eliminated much federal protection of black southerners, effectively ending the Reconstruction Era and welcoming Jim Crow.

Accepted Answer

The Hayes Compromise of 1877, also known as the Compromise of 1877, involved a deal that settled the disputed 1876 U.S. presidential election. It resulted in Rutherford B. Hayes, the Republican candidate, becoming President in exchange for the withdrawal of federal troops from the South, marking the end of Reconstruction and the beginning of the Jim Crow era.

Question 17

Between the Civil War and the present, perhaps as many as ____ lynchings of black men and women have been perpetrated in the southern states and in certain areas of the northern and border states.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Between the Civil War and the present,...

Question 18

The first Jim Crow railroad cars were established in ____________.

Accepted Answer

Massachusetts was the first state to have Jim Crow railroad cars, starting in 1838. This predates the more commonly associated Jim Crow laws in the Southern United States.

Question 19

In developing laws oppressing German Jews and other racially targeted groups, Nazi:

Accepted Answer

Nazi leaders and legal theorists were indeed influenced by and studied U.S. racial laws, including segregation laws and policies towards Native Americans and African Americans. This included admiration for the systematic approach the U.S. took towards racial segregation and disenfranchisement, as well as the dispossession and marginalization of Native Americans. Hitler himself made references to the United States' treatment of Native Americans as a model for his plans in Eastern Europe.

Question 20

The brutal and exploitative practices of whites were common practice in European colonials across the globe.

Accepted Answer

European colonialism often involved brutal and exploitative practices, including forced labor, violence, and the suppression of indigenous cultures, as part of their efforts to control and profit from their colonies around the world.

Quiz 2: Slavery Unwilling to Die- the Historical Development of Systemic Racism

By _________, an all-white U.S. Supreme Court had redefined Indigenous societies as "domestic dependent nations."

By _________, white government officials had the power to stop making treaties with Native Americans.

As of _________, when the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples was adopted by the U.N. General Assembly, the U.S. government was among only four of the 192 countries to vote against these rights. (Later, under President Barack Obama, the government reversed this position.)

The first Africans brought into the English colonies were bought by Jamestown colonists from a Dutch-flagged ship in _________.

Laws firmly institutionalizing slavery were not put in place in the English colonies until the mid- _________ century.

Between the 1600s and the 1820s, at least Africans were forcibly brought to the Americas, while in contrast European immigrants came during the same period.

The trade in enslaved Africans was begun by the and as they developed overseas empires.

Plantation owners demanded large numbers of workers, and the number of those enslaved grew rapidly, to several million by the 1860s. By the 1770s about ____ percent of the population in southern areas of the U.S. was African American.

In the decade preceding the Civil War, _ of white families in southern and border states legally owned nearly _ black Americans.

New York City's famous Wall Street sold enslaved black Americans up until ________.

It is estimated today that at least _________ of "black" Americans have at least one "white" ancestor.

Please identify the FALSE statement.

George Washington, the first U.S. president, was one of the wealthiest Americans. He:

The principal author of the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson:

The principal author of the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson:

The ____________ removed the few remaining federal troops and eliminated much federal protection of black southerners, effectively ending the Reconstruction Era and welcoming Jim Crow.

Between the Civil War and the present, perhaps as many as ____ lynchings of black men and women have been perpetrated in the southern states and in certain areas of the northern and border states.

The first Jim Crow railroad cars were established in ____________.

In developing laws oppressing German Jews and other racially targeted groups, Nazi:

The brutal and exploitative practices of whites were common practice in European colonials across the globe.