Question 1

Before differentiation can begin during the processes of plant cell and tissue culture,parenchyma cells from the source tissue must

Accepted Answer

Before differentiation can occur, parenchyma cells must undergo dedifferentiation, which involves the loss of their specialized characteristics and the establishment of a more totipotent state. This process allows the cells to be reprogrammed and differentiate into different cell types under appropriate conditions.

Question 2

While studying the plant Arabidopsis,a botanist finds that an RNA probe produces coloured spots in the sepals of the plant.From this information,what can be inferred?

Accepted Answer

Since the RNA probe produces coloured spots in the sepals of the plant, it can be inferred that the probe is specific to a gene that is active in sepals. Therefore, choice D is the correct inference. The other choices cannot be inferred from the given information.

Question 3

All of the following cell types are correctly matched with their functions except

Accepted Answer

Companion cells do not contribute to the formation of secondary xylem and phloem, but rather provide metabolic support to the sieve-tube members during phloem translocation.

Question 4

Which of the following cells or tissues arise from lateral meristem activity?

Accepted Answer

Secondary xylem arises from lateral meristem activity in the vascular cambium.

Question 5

What tissue makes up most of the wood of a tree?

Accepted Answer

Secondary xylem, also known as wood, makes up most of the bulk of a tree. This tissue is produced by the vascular cambium and is responsible for providing support and transporting water and nutrients throughout the tree. Primary xylem is only present in woody plants during their early growth stages, while secondary phloem is responsible for transporting sugars and other nutrients throughout the tree. Mesophyll cells are found in the leaves of plants and are responsible for photosynthesis.

Question 6

Which of the following is a true statement about growth in plants?

Accepted Answer

Some plants, such as annuals and herbaceous perennials, lack secondary growth and only undergo primary growth localized at the apical meristems. However, woody plants undergo both primary and secondary growth, resulting in increased height and thickness over time. Therefore, option B is the only true statement about growth in plants.

Question 7

If you were able to walk into an opening cut into the centre of a large redwood tree,when you exit from the middle of the trunk (stem)outward,you would cross,in order

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you were able to walk into...

Question 8

Pores on the leaf surface that function in gas exchange are called

Accepted Answer

Pores on the leaf surface that function in gas exchange are called stomata.

Question 9

A person working with plants may reduce the inhibition of apical dominance by auxin via which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Pruning shoot tips removes the apical meristem and reduces the production of auxin, leading to reduced apical dominance.

Question 10

What would be a plant adaptation that increases exposure of a plant to light in a dense forest?

Accepted Answer

Apical dominance, where the main, central stem of the plant grows more vigorously than other side stems, is a strategy to increase a plant's exposure to light, especially in dense forests. This growth pattern allows the plant to grow taller and outcompete neighboring plants for sunlight.

Question 11

The following question is based on parts of a growing primary root.
I. root cap
II. zone of elongation
III. zone of cell division
IV. zone of cell maturation
V. apical meristem
-Which of the following root tissues gives rise to lateral roots?

Accepted Answer

The pericycle is the tissue that gives rise to lateral roots in a growing primary root.

Question 12

What effect does "pinching back" have on a houseplant?

Accepted Answer

Pinching back a houseplant stimulates lateral buds to grow. This is because the removal of the apical meristem (the tip) removes the source of auxin that was inhibiting the growth of the lateral buds. This allows the lateral buds to grow and produce a bushier plant.

Question 13

Which of the following is a true statement?

Accepted Answer

Secondary growth is produced by both the vascular cambium and the cork cambium. The vascular cambium produces secondary xylem and phloem, while the cork cambium produces cork cells for the plant's outer bark. Flowers do not have secondary growth, and while eudicot leaves may have vascular cambium activity, secondary growth is not a universal feature of eudicot leaves. Primary growth and secondary growth do not alternate in the life cycle of a plant, as they are two distinct processes that can occur simultaneously. There is no correlation between the size of a plant and its potential for secondary growth.

Question 14

Secondary growth is best described as

Accepted Answer

Secondary growth is a growth in thickness caused by lateral meristems, namely vascular cambium and cork cambium. The vascular cambium produces secondary xylem (wood) towards the center of the stem and secondary phloem towards the bark, leading to an increase in girth of the plant. The cork cambium produces cork cells towards the outside, contributing to the protective outer layer of the stem.

Question 15

A mutation allows only A gene activity in a developing flower.Which flower part(s)will develop in this plant?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A mutation allows only A gene activity...

Question 16

A leaf primordium is initiated as a small mound of tissue on the flank of a dome-shaped shoot apical meristem.The earliest physical evidence of the site of a newly forming leaf primordium would be

Accepted Answer

The preprophase band is a ring of microtubules that forms in the cytoplasm of a plant cell just before mitosis. It predicts the orientation of the future division plane and is perpendicular to the axis of cell elongation. In the case of a newly forming leaf primordium, the preprophase band would be parallel to the surface of the shoot apical meristem in subsurface cells, indicating the site of the future leaf primordium. Therefore, option C is the best choice.

Question 17

Additional vascular tissue produced as secondary growth in a root originates from which cells?

Accepted Answer

Additional vascular tissue produced as secondary growth in a root originates from the vascular cambium, which is a lateral meristem that produces secondary phloem and xylem.

Question 18

According to the ABC model of floral development,which genes would be expressed in a showy ornamental flower with multiple sepals and petals but no stamens or carpels?

Accepted Answer

The ABC model of floral development explains the role of three classes of genes (A, B, and C) in determining the identity of floral organs. A genes promote the development of sepals; A and B genes together promote the development of petals; B and C genes together promote the development of stamens; and C genes alone promote the development of carpels. In a flower with multiple sepals and petals but no stamens or carpels, A and B genes would be expressed to develop sepals and petals, respectively, without the expression of C genes, which are responsible for stamens and carpels.

Question 19

A plant has the following characteristics: a taproot system,several growth rings evident in a cross section of the stem,and a layer of bark around the outside.Which of the following best describes the plant?

Accepted Answer

The presence of a taproot system and growth rings in the stem indicate that the plant is a woody plant. Additionally, the layer of bark around the outside is a common trait of woody dicots, making choice B the best fit.

Question 20

Cells produced by lateral meristems are known as

Accepted Answer

Cells produced by lateral meristems are known as secondary tissues, which are responsible for the thickening of plant organs (such as stems and roots) and the formation of new woody tissue.

Quiz 35: Plant Structure,Growth,and Development