Question 1

Define outcomes research and identify its purpose.

Accepted Answer

Outcomes research focuses on the results of a process and evidence of having achieved what one has proposed. In health care research, evidence is sought to support the need and benefit of care.

Question 2

List 3 examples of treatment outcomes.

Accepted Answer

a. Improved quality of life for a client
b. Client satisfaction with the quality of care
c. Reduced symptoms
d. Minimizing costs or implementing cost efficiencies
e. Effective treatment for various or specific client needs

Question 3

Correctly match "effectiveness" and "efficacy" with the definitive question below and its example.
-"Can it work?"

Accepted Answer

"Efficacy" refers to the ability of a treatment or intervention to produce a desired effect under ideal conditions, such as in a clinical trial. Therefore, it is the best choice for the definitive question "Can it work?" For example, a new medication has been shown to be highly efficacious in reducing symptoms of a certain disease during a controlled study.

Question 4

Correctly match "effectiveness" and "efficacy" with the definitive question below and its example.
-"Does it work?"

Accepted Answer

The answer of Correctly match "effectiveness" and "efficacy" with the...

Question 5

Correctly match "effectiveness" and "efficacy" with the definitive question below and its example.
-A study that measures symptom reduction in an art therapy treatment group as compared to a control group

Accepted Answer

Efficacy refers to the measure of the success of a treatment or intervention under ideal and controlled conditions. In this study, the focus is on measuring the symptom reduction in an art therapy treatment group as compared to a control group, which is done under controlled conditions. Therefore, efficacy is the best choice.

Question 6

Correctly match "effectiveness" and "efficacy" with the definitive question below and its example.
-A study that measures symptom reduction in an art therapy treatment group over time and at various intervals

Accepted Answer

Effectiveness refers to how well a treatment works in real-world, everyday situations, including a broad range of participants and variable conditions. The given example measures symptom reduction in an art therapy treatment group over time and at various intervals, reflecting a real-world application and thus aligns with the concept of effectiveness.

Question 7

Randomized clinical trials (RCT) provide much needed outcomes evidence for art therapy but they have their limitations. To be generalizable to actual practice, what two conditions are necessary?

Accepted Answer

For RCTs to be generalizable to actual practice, the participants and settings must be representative of where art therapy programs are found and the outcomes must be clinically relevant. This means that the study should involve a diverse range of participants and settings that reflect the realities of art therapy practice, and the outcomes measured should be meaningful and important for art therapy clients. The other answer choices are not as relevant or important for generalizability of RCTs to art therapy practice.

Question 8

What four processes would an art therapist apply to a typical art therapy intervention in order to increase its scientific value and formulate the basis of an outcomes study?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What four processes would an art therapist...

Question 9

Single case designs are both criticized and lauded as a method for showing effectiveness. How have researchers improved on their limitations to make them more valid?

Accepted Answer

Single case designs are limited by their lack of control groups and the inability to generalize results to larger populations. However, researchers have improved on these limitations by specifying the intervention and taking repeated measures or assessments to provide more rigorous and reliable data. This allows for clearer identification of the effects of the intervention on the individual case and allows for comparison across time periods.

Question 10

An art therapist observes behavioral changes in George, a youth living in a residential treatment facility. Over the 6 weeks of art therapy treatment, George increases his ability to engage in art-making and participate in group projects. What variable can the art therapist infer has produced the observed effect?

Accepted Answer

The observed effect of George's increased engagement and participation can be inferred to be due to art therapy lowering his anxiety, which allowed him to focus and feel safe enough to work with others.

Question 11

An art therapist wants to determine whether art therapy helps reduce confusion among clients who are diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. What treatment-design strategy would be best for her outcomes study?

Accepted Answer

The answer of An art therapist wants to determine whether...

Question 12

How are "best practices" produced and identified?

Accepted Answer

Best practices are produced and identified through outcomes studies that verify clinical observations. These findings are then systematically distilled into guidelines to inform practice. This process ensures that best practices are evidence-based and grounded in research and clinical experience. This approach is more robust and reliable than relying solely on expert opinions or surveys of current practices.

Question 13

Match the following sampling strategies to their purposes.
-Random cases

Accepted Answer

Random sampling is primarily used to ensure that every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected, thereby aiming for representativeness in the sample.

Question 14

Match the following sampling strategies to their purposes.
-Criterion sample

Accepted Answer

Criterion sampling is used to link a specific characteristic with an outcome by selecting cases that meet a predetermined criterion of importance.

Question 15

Match the following sampling strategies to their purposes.
-Sub-group sample

Accepted Answer

Sub-group sampling is selected to facilitate comparisons between different groups within a population.

Question 16

Match the following sampling strategies to their purposes.
-Purposeful cases

Accepted Answer

Purposeful sampling is used to obtain in-depth information by selecting cases that are particularly informative or relevant to the research question.

Question 17

Match the following sampling strategies to their purposes.
-Extreme cases

Accepted Answer

Extreme cases are selected to discern typical and atypical characteristics.

Question 18

An art therapist wants to assess whether her art therapy program is achieving its goal of helping teens that are homeless or have run away from home. What is one "indicator of success" she can use as an outcome measure?

Accepted Answer

The number of program participants that enroll in high school or vocational training within six months would be a good indicator of success for the art therapy program because it shows that the program is helping provide these teens with opportunities for education and vocational training, which can be critical for their future success and stability. Increased funding and grant support or referrals from local psychiatric hospitals may indicate the program is well-known in the community, but it doesn't necessarily measure whether the program is achieving its goal of helping homeless or runaway teens. The number and quality of artwork produced by program participants may show progress in their creative expression but may not necessarily measure the program's impact on their overall well-being and success.

Question 19

How does a lack of outcomes research affect client services and funding?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does a lack of outcomes research...

Question 20

Create a conceptual model for an outcomes study by identifying one specific claim made in art therapy, and re-writing it as a measurable effect on a particular treatment condition that can be measured and tested.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Create a conceptual model for an outcomes...

Quiz 5: Outcomes Research to Generate Evidence-Based Practice

Define outcomes research and identify its purpose.

List 3 examples of treatment outcomes.

Correctly match "effectiveness" and "efficacy" with the definitive question below and its example. -"Can it work?"

Correctly match "effectiveness" and "efficacy" with the definitive question below and its example. -"Does it work?"

Correctly match "effectiveness" and "efficacy" with the definitive question below and its example. -A study that measures symptom reduction in an art therapy treatment group as compared to a control group

Correctly match "effectiveness" and "efficacy" with the definitive question below and its example. -A study that measures symptom reduction in an art therapy treatment group over time and at various intervals

Randomized clinical trials (RCT) provide much needed outcomes evidence for art therapy but they have their limitations. To be generalizable to actual practice, what two conditions are necessary?

What four processes would an art therapist apply to a typical art therapy intervention in order to increase its scientific value and formulate the basis of an outcomes study?

Single case designs are both criticized and lauded as a method for showing effectiveness. How have researchers improved on their limitations to make them more valid?

An art therapist wants to determine whether art therapy helps reduce confusion among clients who are diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. What treatment-design strategy would be best for her outcomes study?

How are "best practices" produced and identified?

Match the following sampling strategies to their purposes. -Random cases

Match the following sampling strategies to their purposes. -Criterion sample

Match the following sampling strategies to their purposes. -Sub-group sample

Match the following sampling strategies to their purposes. -Purposeful cases

Match the following sampling strategies to their purposes. -Extreme cases

An art therapist wants to assess whether her art therapy program is achieving its goal of helping teens that are homeless or have run away from home. What is one "indicator of success" she can use as an outcome measure?

How does a lack of outcomes research affect client services and funding?

Create a conceptual model for an outcomes study by identifying one specific claim made in art therapy, and re-writing it as a measurable effect on a particular treatment condition that can be measured and tested.