Question 1

The expression "knee-jerk reaction" refers to someone doing something automatically without thinking. What does this expression mean in biological terms?
A) In the nervous system, this expression implies the involvement of higher brain regions before executing a spinal reflex.
B) In the nervous system, this expression implies the lack of brain input when executing a spinal reflex.
C) This expression implies that the knee-jerk reaction will be shortened in duration following input from higher brain regions.
D) This expression implies that only children exhibit this type of unthinking behavior.

Accepted Answer

In biological terms, the knee-jerk reaction refers to a spinal reflex known as the patellar reflex, which involves a sensory neuron receiving input from the knee and sending an automatic motor response back to the muscle without any involvement of higher brain regions. Therefore, option B is the correct choice.

Question 2

Where are the sensory receptors for equilibrium located?
A) on the surface of the skin
B) in the inner ear
C) in the joints
D) in the retina of the eye

Accepted Answer

The sensory receptors for equilibrium are located in the inner ear. These receptors are called hair cells and are found within the semicircular canals and the vestibule of the inner ear.

Question 3

Of the general categories of neurons, which carry information to the CNS?
A) inhibitory neurons
B) sensory neurons
C) motor neurons
D) interneurons

Accepted Answer

Sensory neurons are the general category of neurons that carry information from the sensory receptors to the central nervous system. They are responsible for receiving external or internal stimuli and translating them into electrical impulses that are transmitted to the brain and spinal cord. In contrast, interneurons are confined to the central nervous system and function in processing and integrating information, while motor neurons carry impulses from the CNS to the effectors (muscles and glands) to elicit a response. Inhibitory neurons, on the other hand, regulate or dampen the activity of other neurons.

Question 4

Which sense is a general sense?
A) pressure
B) smell
C) hearing
D) vision

Accepted Answer

Pressure is a general sense that is involved in many different bodily functions such as touch, pain, and proprioception (the awareness of one's body position and movement). Smell, hearing, and vision are all specialized senses with their own specific receptors and neural pathways.

Question 5

What is a nerve?
A) a bundle of neurons
B) a chain of neurons
C) a sensory synapse
D) a series of impulses

Accepted Answer

A nerve is a bundle of neurons, meaning that it is composed of multiple individual nerve cells that work together to transmit messages throughout the body.

Question 6

It's known that teenagers and young adults are impulsive in nature, take unnecessary risks, and are, therefore, more susceptible to drug addiction. Which lobe of the cerebrum do scientists hypothesize as reason for this because this lobe doesn't fully develop until the early twenties?
A) temporal
B) occipital
C) parietal
D) frontal

Accepted Answer

The frontal lobe is responsible for decision-making, impulse control, and the ability to weigh consequences. It doesn't fully develop until the early twenties, which is why teenagers and young adults are more vulnerable to risky behavior and addiction.

Question 7

Which structure would allow you to move your hand away from a hot burner after touching it?
A) sensory neuron
B) interneuron
C) motor neuron
D) glial cell

Accepted Answer

A motor neuron is a type of neuron that sends signals from the central nervous system to the muscles or glands, causing them to contract or secrete, respectively. In this scenario, when the hand touches a hot burner, a sensory neuron sends a signal to the spinal cord, where it is processed by interneurons. The interneurons then send a signal to the motor neuron, which causes the muscles in the hand to contract and move the hand away from the hot burner.

Question 8

Which parts belong to the central nervous system?
A) sensory neurons
B) interneurons
C) motor neurons
D) effectors

Accepted Answer

Interneurons belong to the central nervous system, which includes the brain and the spinal cord. Sensory neurons and motor neurons are part of the peripheral nervous system, and effectors are the muscles and organs that respond to nervous system signals.

Question 9

Which symptoms would arise from a disease that led to the degeneration and death of nerves composed of the peripheral nervous system?
A) inability to memorize names and faces
B) severe dementia (loss of intellectual capacity)
C) impaired vision
D) loss of voluntary muscle control

Accepted Answer

The peripheral nervous system is responsible for controlling voluntary muscle movements. Therefore, the degeneration and death of nerves in this system would result in a loss of voluntary muscle control. Symptoms such as muscle weakness, difficulty coordinating movement, and eventually paralysis may arise. Option A and B are more related to the central nervous system, while impaired vision would more likely be related to the optic nerve which is also part of the central nervous system.

Question 10

What is the sudden withdrawal of one's hand from a hot stove?
A) learning
B) common sense
C) an instinct
D) a reflex

Accepted Answer

The sudden withdrawal of one's hand from a hot stove is a reflex action. It is an automatic response that helps protect the body from harm. The nerve signals are sent quickly to the spinal cord which sends a message to retract the hand. This response occurs without conscious thought or decision-making.

Question 11

Arrange the following neurons into the correct sequence for information flow during the withdrawal reflex following touching a hot burner on a stove.
A) interneuron, motor neuron, sensory neuron
B) motor neuron, sensory neuron, interneuron
C) sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron
D) motor neuron, interneuron, sensory neuron

Accepted Answer

The correct sequence of neurons during the withdrawal reflex following touching a hot burner on a stove is: 
1. Sensory neuron - detects the painful stimulus and sends an impulse to the spinal cord.
2. Interneuron - processes the information and activates a response.
3. Motor neuron - carries the response from the spinal cord to the muscle, causing the withdrawal of the hand.

Therefore, the correct sequence is sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, making choice C the best answer.

Question 12

Which sense is a special sense?
A) temperature
B) pain
C) touch
D) taste

Accepted Answer

Taste is a special sense because it involves specialized sensory cells called taste receptors that are located on the tongue and palate. The other options, temperature, pain, and touch, are all general senses that rely on different types of sensory receptors located throughout the body.

Question 13

Which structures would be classified as effectors?
A) sensory neurons
B) interneurons
C) body tissues
D) neurotransmitters

Accepted Answer

Effectors are structures that ultimately carry out a response or action in response to a stimulus. Body tissues, such as muscles and glands, are considered effectors because they are activated by motor neurons to produce a response. Sensory neurons and neurotransmitters are not effectors as they do not produce a response on their own. Interneurons are not effectors as they are involved in processing and relaying information within the nervous system, but do not directly produce a response in the body.

Question 14

What system is composed of the spinal cord and brain?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What system is composed of the spinal...

Question 15

-Refer to the diagram to answer the following question: A blow to which part of the head could lead to loss of vision?
A) front
B) top
C) back
D) side

Accepted Answer

A blow to the back of the head can affect the occipital lobe, which is responsible for vision. Damage to this area can lead to loss of vision.

Question 16

Which specialized cells receive and respond to stimuli?
A) effectors
B) neurotransmitters
C) neurons
D) nerve impulses

Accepted Answer

Neurons are specialized cells that receive and respond to stimuli, transmitting nerve impulses throughout the body. Effectors are muscles or glands that carry out responses to stimuli. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit nerve impulses across synapses. Nerve impulses are the electrical signals transmitted along the axons of neurons.

Question 17

What are sensory receptors?
A) cells that create action potentials and thresholds
B) localized areas of the CNS
C) chemicals that cross a synapse between two nerve cells
D) specialized neurons for detecting the world around you

Accepted Answer

Sensory receptors are specialized neurons that detect stimuli from the external or internal environment and convert them into electrical signals (action potentials) that can be transmitted to the central nervous system for further processing and interpretation. They can be located in various parts of the body, including the skin, eyes, ears, nose, and tongue.

Question 18

What is proprioception?
A) the sense of pressure on the body
B) the sense of the position of the body
C) the sense of smell
D) the sense of the body's temperature

Accepted Answer

Proprioception is the sense of the position and movement of one's body parts. It is the ability of the brain to sense the position, orientation, and movement of the body and its limbs without relying on vision. A proprioceptor is a specialized sensory receptor that sends information about the position and movement of the body to the brain. Options A, C, and D are not related to proprioception.

Question 19

What are the basic functional units of the nervous system?
A) muscle fibers
B) heart cells
C) neurons
D) fibroblasts

Accepted Answer

Neurons are the basic functional units of the nervous system. They are specialized cells that transmit information throughout the body and are responsible for the processing and integration of sensory input and motor output. Muscle fibers and heart cells are not part of the nervous system, and fibroblasts are cells that produce and maintain connective tissue, not neurons.

Question 20

What is the network of nerves that radiates out from the brain and the spinal cord part of?
A) the central nervous system
B) interneurons
C) the peripheral nervous system
D) neurotransmitters

Accepted Answer

The network of nerves that radiates out from the brain and spinal cord is referred to as the peripheral nervous system. This system is responsible for transmitting messages between the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and other parts of the body. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.

Quiz 23: Study Drugs: Brain Boost or Brain Drain Brain Structure and Function

The expression "knee-jerk reaction" refers to someone doing something automatically without thinking. What does this expression mean in biological terms?

Where are the sensory receptors for equilibrium located?

Of the general categories of neurons, which carry information to the CNS?

Which sense is a general sense?

What is a nerve?

It's known that teenagers and young adults are impulsive in nature, take unnecessary risks, and are, therefore, more susceptible to drug addiction. Which lobe of the cerebrum do scientists hypothesize as reason for this because this lobe doesn't fully develop until the early twenties?

Which structure would allow you to move your hand away from a hot burner after touching it?

Which parts belong to the central nervous system?

Which symptoms would arise from a disease that led to the degeneration and death of nerves composed of the peripheral nervous system?

What is the sudden withdrawal of one's hand from a hot stove?

Arrange the following neurons into the correct sequence for information flow during the withdrawal reflex following touching a hot burner on a stove.

Which sense is a special sense?

Which structures would be classified as effectors?

What system is composed of the spinal cord and brain?

-Refer to the diagram to answer the following question: A blow to which part of the head could lead to loss of vision?

Which specialized cells receive and respond to stimuli?

What are sensory receptors?

What is proprioception?

What are the basic functional units of the nervous system?

What is the network of nerves that radiates out from the brain and the spinal cord part of?