Question 1

Lithium has a tendency to accumulate in the body and reaches toxic levels (lithium toxicity)because

Accepted Answer

Lithium elimination occurs almost exclusively through excretion in the urine, and the rate of excretion is dependent on factors such as renal function, hydration status, and salt intake. This means that if lithium is not properly excreted, it can accumulate in the body and reach toxic levels. Lithium is not metabolized by hepatic enzymes, and it is absorbed fairly easily from the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 2

The cornerstone of drug treatment for bipolar syndrome (manic-depression)consists of

Accepted Answer

Lithium is the cornerstone of drug treatment for bipolar disorder (manic-depression) due to its effectiveness in stabilizing mood and preventing the recurrence of both manic and depressive episodes.

Question 3

Patients who begin antidepressant drug therapy often experience a delay of at least ______ before they notice a decrease in depression.

Accepted Answer

Patients typically experience a delay of 1 to 2 weeks before they notice a decrease in depression symptoms after starting antidepressant treatment. Therefore, option D is the best choice. Option A (1 to 2 minutes) and option B (1 to 2 hours) are too brief a timeframe for therapeutic effects to occur. Option C (1 to 2 days) is also too short, as antidepressant drugs take longer to build up to therapeutic levels in the body.

Question 4

Aside from their antidepressant effects,tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline and nortriptyline may be useful in treating

Accepted Answer

Tricyclic antidepressants have been found to be helpful in managing chronic pain syndromes, such as neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, and chronic headaches. They work by blocking the reuptake of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, which can help to reduce pain signals. Tricyclic antidepressants are not typically used to treat hypertension, viral or bacterial infections, or gastric ulcers.

Question 5

Upon reaching the brain,most antidepressant drugs affect

Accepted Answer

Antidepressant drugs primarily affect amine neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain. These neurotransmitters play a key role in regulating mood, emotions, and behavior, and imbalances in their levels are associated with depression. By modulating the reuptake, breakdown, or production of these neurotransmitters, antidepressants can help alleviate symptoms of depression.

Question 6

Antidepressant drugs that inhibit the ______ enzyme allow more amine neurotransmitters to remain in the synaptic cleft and continue to exert an effect in CNS synapses involved in depression.

Accepted Answer

Antidepressant drugs that inhibit the monoamine oxidase enzyme allow more amine neurotransmitters (such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine) to remain in the synaptic cleft, leading to increased stimulation of the postsynaptic receptors and potentially improving symptoms of depression.

Question 7

Certain newer or second-generation antidepressants such as fluoxetine (Prozac),paroxetine (Paxil),and sertraline (Zoloft)have received attention because of their ability to selectively affect ______ reuptake at certain CNS synapses.

Accepted Answer

Fluoxetine (Prozac), paroxetine (Paxil), and sertraline (Zoloft) are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) which means they selectively affect 5-hydroxytryptamine or serotonin reuptake at certain CNS synapses.

Question 8

Tricyclic antidepressants work by ______ the reuptake of ______ into the presynaptic terminal of certain CNS neurons.

Accepted Answer

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) inhibit the reuptake of amine neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine and serotonin, into the presynaptic terminal of certain CNS neurons. This leads to an increase in the availability of these neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft, which can help alleviate symptoms of depression.

Question 9

Antidepressant drugs that selectively affect 5-hydroxytryptamine neurotransmission may also cause "serotonin syndrome" which is characterized by

Accepted Answer

All of the listed symptoms (sweating, shivering, movement disorders, muscle fasciculations) are characteristic of serotonin syndrome, which can occur as a result of selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant use.

Question 10

According to the neurogenesis basis for depression,antidepressant drugs may increase the CNS production of ____,thereby leading to increased synaptic connections in the _____.

Accepted Answer

The neurogenesis basis for depression suggests that a decrease in the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus may contribute to the development of depression. Antidepressant drugs have been shown to increase the production of BDNF and lead to increased synaptic connections in the hippocampus, which has been associated with their therapeutic effects. Therefore, the best choice is D, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; hippocampus.

Quiz 7: Drugs to Treat Affective Disorders Depression and Bipolar Syndrome

Lithium has a tendency to accumulate in the body and reaches toxic levels (lithium toxicity) because

The cornerstone of drug treatment for bipolar syndrome (manic-depression) consists of

Patients who begin antidepressant drug therapy often experience a delay of at least ______ before they notice a decrease in depression.

Aside from their antidepressant effects,tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline and nortriptyline may be useful in treating

Upon reaching the brain,most antidepressant drugs affect

Antidepressant drugs that inhibit the ______ enzyme allow more amine neurotransmitters to remain in the synaptic cleft and continue to exert an effect in CNS synapses involved in depression.

Certain newer or second-generation antidepressants such as fluoxetine (Prozac) ,paroxetine (Paxil) ,and sertraline (Zoloft) have received attention because of their ability to selectively affect ______ reuptake at certain CNS synapses.

Tricyclic antidepressants work by the reuptake of into the presynaptic terminal of certain CNS neurons.

Antidepressant drugs that selectively affect 5-hydroxytryptamine neurotransmission may also cause "serotonin syndrome" which is characterized by

According to the neurogenesis basis for depression,antidepressant drugs may increase the CNS production of ,thereby leading to increased synaptic connections in the _.