Question 1

Substance dependence often involves drug-seeking behaviours.Which of the following is NOT one of these behaviours?

Accepted Answer

Physical symptoms when the drug is no longer used are actually a common withdrawal symptom of substance dependence rather than a drug-seeking behavior. The other choices (resuming drug use after a period of abstinence, repeated use of the drug, and a desperate need to ingest more of the drug) all involve actively seeking out and using the drug.

Question 2

Mark has been using crack for two years.His whole life is now oriented around trying to get more crack to feed his habit.He even sells drugs to get crack money.Although he has tried repeatedly to give it up,the crash is so intense and his cravings for the rush are so strong he just can't quit.What is Mark's level of involvement with the drug?

Accepted Answer

Mark's description suggests he is dependent on crack. This is characterized by a strong compulsion to use the drug, difficulty quitting, and experiencing withdrawal symptoms when trying to quit.

Question 3

Max runs a group therapy session for people with alcohol disorders.What else do some members of the group likely have?

Accepted Answer

B

Question 4

When Ed drinks alcohol,he initially experiences a feeling of well-being and more outgoing behaviour.Why is this?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol depresses the inhibitory centres in the brain, leading to a decrease in anxiety and inhibition, which can result in a feeling of well-being and more outgoing behavior.

Question 5

Jan has used crack to the point where she has impaired control over her use of it.While she experiences no withdrawal symptoms when she stops using it,she wants it so badly she cannot stop herself from taking it.What does Jan's reliance on crack illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Jan's situation reflects psychological dependence, which is characterized by a strong desire or craving to use the drug despite harmful consequences and the inability to control use. While physiological dependence is also associated with drug addiction, it typically involves physical withdrawal symptoms when drug use is discontinued. However, Jan does not experience withdrawal symptoms, which suggests that her dependence is more psychological in nature. Biological abuse and physiological abuse are not recognized terms in the field of addiction.

Question 6

Lisa has been using crack for about two months now.Although she knows it is destroying her job performance and she has been reprimanded for missing work,she refuses to give it up.She says she can quit whenever she wants to and just uses crack because she enjoys it.She tells others who question her drug use to mind their own business and leave her alone.What is Lisa's level of involvement with the drug?

Accepted Answer

Lisa's behavior indicates drug abuse, as she is aware of the negative consequences of her drug use but refuses to quit and becomes defensive towards others who try to intervene.

Question 7

Shannon has been using heroin for two years.Lately,she has found she must inject higher and higher dosages of the drug to get the same high she has come to expect from her drug use.What is the term for this need for higher dosages?

Accepted Answer

The need for higher dosages of a drug to achieve the desired effect is known as tolerance. This is a common symptom of drug dependence and addiction. As the body becomes accustomed to the drug, it requires larger doses to achieve the same high. Potentiation refers to the increased effects of a drug when multiple drugs are used together. Dependency occurs when a person relies on a drug to function normally, and addiction involves the compulsive use of a drug despite negative consequences.

Question 8

What are alcohol and the drugs Seconal,Halcion,and Valium classified as?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol and the drugs Seconal, Halcion, and Valium are classified as depressants because they slow down the functioning of the central nervous system, resulting in decreased heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure. They also produce a sense of relaxation, sleepiness, and reduced anxiety.

Question 9

When a person is physiologically dependent on a drug,what will he or she most likely experience?

Accepted Answer

Physiological dependence on a drug is characterized by both tolerance (needing more of the drug to achieve the same effect) and withdrawal symptoms if the drug is suddenly stopped. Therefore, the most likely experience for a person with physiological dependence is both tolerance and withdrawal.

Question 10

George decided to abruptly quit using alcohol.He is now experiencing sweating,mental confusion,incoherent speech,disorientation,terrifying hallucinations,and extreme restlessness.What are George's symptoms typical of?

Accepted Answer

George's symptoms are typical of delirium tremens, a severe form of alcohol withdrawal that can be life-threatening. Symptoms include confusion, hallucinations, disorientation, and restlessness. It is important for individuals experiencing these symptoms to seek medical attention immediately.

Question 11

What is the danger of using a definition of dependence that uses drug-seeking behaviours as a measure of dependence?

Accepted Answer

It may include activities such as sex, work, or even eating chocolate.

Question 12

Although most psychoactive substances interact with specific substances in the brain cells,the effects of some substances are much more complex because several different neurotransmitter systems are affected.What substance affects several neurotransmitter systems?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol affects several neurotransmitter systems in the brain, including GABA, glutamate, dopamine, and serotonin systems, making its effects more complex compared to substances that target specific neurotransmitters.

Question 13

Nick has been an alcoholic for many years.He has also experienced major depression and manic episodes.Approximately what percentage of alcoholics also have an additional psychiatric disorder?

Accepted Answer

According to research, about 50% of individuals with alcohol use disorder also have a co-occurring psychiatric disorder, such as depression or bipolar disorder. This is known as a dual diagnosis or comorbidity. It's important for treatment to address both the substance use disorder and the co-occurring mental health condition to achieve the best outcomes for recovery.

Question 14

Candace rarely drinks alcohol,but she became very intoxicated at the office party.She began to drive herself home,but on the way she was arrested for driving under the influence.Jason has had his driver's licence suspended three times over the past two years for driving while intoxicated,yet he never drinks on the job.Which of the following levels of involvement with alcohol would best apply to Candace and Jason?

Accepted Answer

Candace's behavior indicates alcohol use, as she rarely drinks, but became very intoxicated at the office party. Jason's behavior indicates alcohol abuse, as he has had his driver's license suspended three times in the past two years for driving while intoxicated. Although he never drinks on the job, his repeated instances of driving under the influence show a pattern of problematic alcohol use. Therefore, Candace is in the use category and Jason is in the abuse category. Choice C, Candace use and Jason abuse, best describes their levels of involvement with alcohol.

Question 15

A 46-year-old man has terminal cancer and has been receiving fairly high doses of morphine for pain relief around the clock for several months.What level of substance involvement would best apply to this individual?

Accepted Answer

The individual is dependent on morphine for pain relief due to their terminal cancer, and has been taking high doses around the clock for several months. This is a legitimate medical use of the drug, but it still meets the criteria for dependence, which is defined as a state in which an individual has developed a physiological or psychological need for a drug, and experiences withdrawal symptoms if they stop taking it.

Question 16

Ellery and colleagues (2005)showed that ingestion of alcohol led to increased risk-taking tendencies among regular gamblers when they were using a video lottery terminal,relative to gamblers ingesting a non-alcoholic control beverage.What does this finding suggest?

Accepted Answer

The finding suggests that alcohol consumption may contribute to the high co-occurrence of alcohol and gambling disorders, as regular gamblers were shown to engage in greater risk-taking behavior when consuming alcohol. This highlights the importance of addressing both alcohol use and gambling behaviors in individuals who struggle with both issues.

Question 17

Joan consumes alcohol alone in her residence room when she has trouble sleeping.What level of involvement with alcohol would best apply to Joan?

Accepted Answer

Joan is using alcohol to help her sleep, which falls under substance use. Substance abuse typically involves the recurrent use of a substance despite negative consequences, while substance dependence involves both physical and psychological dependence on the substance. Intoxication refers to the immediate effects of the substance on the body and mind.

Question 18

Depressants decrease central nervous system activity and help us relax.Which of the following substances is classified as a depressant?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol is classified as a depressant because it decreases central nervous system activity and helps people relax. Heroin is also a depressant, but it is not listed as a choice. Cigarettes and marijuana are not depressants, but rather stimulants and hallucinogens respectively.

Question 19

Why did early editions of the DSM classify alcoholism and drug abuse as sociopathic personality disorders?

Accepted Answer

At the time, alcoholism and drug abuse were widely viewed as character defects or moral weaknesses rather than medical or psychological conditions requiring treatment. Therefore, they were categorized as sociopathic personality disorders, which were seen as reflective of an individual's flawed moral character.

Question 20

According to the American Psychiatric Association,what does the term "dependence" refer to?

Accepted Answer

The term "dependence" refers to a combination of physiological, behavioural and psychological responses to drugs, which includes both the physical craving for the drug as well as the behavioural and psychological need to continue using it. This definition encompasses all aspects of addiction, including drug-seeking behaviours and reliance on street drugs.

Quiz 11: Substance-Related,Addictive,and Impulse-Control Disorders