Contingency Factors That Can Influence the Success of a TQM

Contingency factors that can influence the success of a TQM program in a positive way include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) tasks make high skill demands on employees.
B) TQM serves to enrich jobs and motivate employees.
C) problem-solving skills are improved for all employees.
D) participation and teamwork are used to tackle significant problems.
E) managers wait for big, dramatic innovations.