Question 1

A personality trait:

Accepted Answer

A personality trait is a consistent pattern of behavior, thought, and feeling across various situations and circumstances. It is not temporary or unstable, nor is it necessarily the intention that others agree characterizes a person.

Question 2

Bruno is shy in most situations,would prefer to read than go to a party,likes working with computers,and spends minimal time worrying about the future.Bruno's many characteristics are referred to as his:

Accepted Answer

Bruno's characteristics, such as being shy, preferring to read, and liking to work with computers, are all part of his personality.

Question 3

Gordon Allport's conception of personality:

Accepted Answer

Gordon Allport's conception of personality stresses that it can be understood as a dynamic system arising from biological processes. Allport believed that personality is composed of unique individual traits and exhibited a hierarchical organization, with traits ranging from cardinal (pervasive and dominant) to central (general characteristics) to secondary traits (specific behaviors).

Question 4

Personality consists of characteristic _____ that are relatively stable over time and circumstances.

Accepted Answer

Personality is a complex construct that encompasses a variety of factors such as thoughts, emotional responses, and behaviors. These traits are relatively stable and enduring over time and situations, making them a defining aspect of a person's individuality. Therefore, all the choices mentioned in the question contribute to the formation and expression of one's personality.

Question 5

According to Freud,personality structure consists of the:

Accepted Answer

Freudian theory of personality structure in which he proposed three major components: the id, the ego, and the superego. Therefore, all the choices are the correct answer.

Question 6

Freud used the term libido to refer to:

Accepted Answer

Freud used the term libido to refer to an energy that promotes pleasure-seeking. While sexual behavior and unconscious motives may be connected to the libido, they are not the primary definition or focus of the term. The motive to punish or harm others, particularly parents, is not related to the concept of the libido.

Question 7

Freud thought that anxiety resulted from:

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, anxiety arises due to the conflict between the id's unconscious desires and the superego's moral standards. This conflict leads to anxiety, and the ego's job is to find a balance between these two opposing forces. Therefore, option A is the best choice.

Question 8

As a child,Erin was always getting into trouble with her parents because she liked to steal cookies from the cookie jar.She was not concerned with the consequences and would steal cookies even when she knew she might get punished.Erin's impulse is based in what Freud called the:

Accepted Answer

Erin's impulse to steal cookies even when she knew she might get punished is based on the pleasure principle, which is one of Freud's key theories. This principle suggests that individuals are motivated by seeking pleasure and avoiding pain. Erin's desire for cookies was stronger than her fear of punishment, which is why she continued to steal them.

Question 9

Psychologists would label a disposition to act in a certain way over time and various situations a(n):

Accepted Answer

A personality trait refers to a consistent pattern of behavior or tendencies that a person exhibits over time and in various situations. It is a relatively stable disposition and is not influenced by unconscious processes or genetics. Normative behaviors, on the other hand, refer to socially acceptable behaviors dictated by cultural or societal norms.

Question 10

If a trait is a single concept,then personality is:

Accepted Answer

Personality is a complex concept that is made up of multiple traits, behaviors, and characteristics. As such, it is not a single concept like a trait, but rather a collection of concepts that form an individual's unique identity.

Question 11

Psychologists use the term personality primarily to refer to characteristics and behaviors that:

Accepted Answer

Personality refers to enduring patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that persist over time and across different situations. These patterns are relatively stable and consistent, and they distinguish one person from another.

Question 12

If Andy's id is a very dominant force in his personality,he is likely to:

Accepted Answer

When someone's id is dominant in their personality, they are often impulsive and do things without thinking about the consequences. This can result in them doing things they later regret. Therefore, option C is the best choice. Option A could also be a possibility as dominant id can sometimes result in feelings of embarrassment or shame, but it is not a guaranteed outcome. Option B and D are unlikely as both shyness and peaceful conflict resolution require a degree of thought and consideration, which is not a characteristic of dominant id personalities.

Question 13

In Freud's structural model of personality:

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's structural model of personality, the ego operates according to the reality principle. The id operates according to the pleasure principle and the superego is the internalized moral standard. While the superego and id may influence behavior, the ego is responsible for mediating between the two structures and navigating the demands of reality.

Question 14

Angelique told her boyfriend she was tired of cooking.Secretly,Angelique hoped her boyfriend would make dinner for her.She said: "Did you want me to make you nice tonight?" instead of saying "make you rice tonight." This example illustrates that:

Accepted Answer

The example shows how the unconscious desire for her boyfriend to make dinner for her became conscious through a slip of the tongue, revealing the contents of her unconscious mind. This demonstrates the concept of the unconscious becoming conscious in Freudian theory.

Question 15

The structure Freud called ego operates in accordance with the:

Accepted Answer

The structure Freud called ego operates in accordance with the reality principle, which means it seeks to find ways to satisfy our needs in a realistic and socially acceptable way, taking into account the constraints and demands of the external world. It balances the demands of the id (pleasure principle) and superego (moral and societal standards) in order to maintain psychological equilibrium.

Question 16

In Freud's model,mental activity is:

Accepted Answer

Freud's model states that mental activity is divided into three zones or levels: the conscious, the preconscious, and the unconscious. The conscious level includes all of the mental activities that we are currently aware of, while the preconscious level includes information that is easy to bring into consciousness. The unconscious level includes all of the mental activities that are outside of our awareness and are difficult to access without special techniques such as therapy. This division is a central concept in Freudian theory.

Question 17

Jaleesa's dad often said,"Do what you want,Jaleesa; I don't care." As a result,Jaleesa felt she lacked direction and never had any clear rules.According to Freudian theory,Jaleesa's dad had very little impact on the development of Jaleesa's:

Accepted Answer

Jaleesa's dad's lack of direction and clear rules would have had little impact on the development of her superego, which is the part of the personality that represents internalized values and morals. The id refers to the primitive, instinctual part of the personality, the aggression instinct is a specific component of the id, and the pleasure principle refers to the drive for immediate gratification. None of these would be directly influenced by Jaleesa's dad's lack of guidance.

Question 18

Which of the following items did Gordon Allport NOT emphasize in his definition of personality?

Accepted Answer

Gordon Allport did not emphasize the Freudian concept of an id, ego, and superego in his definition of personality. Instead, Allport focused on traits, attitudes, and habits as key components of personality, emphasizing a unique, coherent organization of these units. Allport also stressed the adaptive, goal-seeking nature of personality and recognized the role of physiology in shaping personality.

Question 19

According to Freud's topography of mind,information from the unconscious must reach the _____ mind before it reaches the _____ mind.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's topography of mind, information from the unconscious must first reach the preconscious mind before it can become conscious. Therefore, the correct answer is D) preconscious; conscious.

Question 20

Dr.Henry gives a lecture on personality.She notes that personality is adaptive to the environment,functions in a unique and whole system that is different for every person,and is based on psychological systems.Her view of personality:

Accepted Answer

Dr. Henry's view of personality being adaptive to the environment, functioning as a unique and whole system, and based on psychological systems is consistent with Gordon Allport's trait theory. Allport believed that personality traits were unique to each individual and that they interacted with the environment in a dynamic way. Dr. Henry's view is not outdated as it aligns with contemporary trait theories of personality. Her view is also not based on Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory and has more in common with Allport than with Carl Jung's analytical psychology.

Quiz 13: Personality