Question 1

During the Civil War many soldiers became addicted to

Accepted Answer

Many soldiers during the Civil War became addicted to Morphine, as it was commonly used as a painkiller and for amputations.

Question 2

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the rise in opioid overdose coincided with

Accepted Answer

The rise in opioid overdose is a result of all the mentioned factors - a significant increase in prescriptions written for opioids in late 1990s, rapid increase in overdose death involving heroin starting in 2010, and significant increase in overdose death involving synthetic opioids, especially illicitly manufactured fentanyl in 2013.

Question 3

Risk factors that make individuals vulnerable to prescription opioid abuse and overdose include all of the following except one. Which is the exception?

Accepted Answer

Living in urban areas with high income is not a known risk factor for prescription opioid abuse and overdose. In fact, rural areas and areas with lower income have been identified as having higher rates of opioid abuse and overdoses. The other choices are well-known risk factors for prescription opioid abuse and overdose.

Question 4

Which of the following is false?

Accepted Answer

Drug overdose deaths have not declined dramatically nationwide since year 2000, but rather have been steadily increasing.

Question 5

According to the data collected by the CNN from all 50 states

Accepted Answer

The data collected by CNN shows that drugs have become the leading cause of accidental death in the country, surpassing shooting deaths and fatal traffic accidents. Therefore, option B is the correct choice. Option A is incorrect as it states that drug overdose deaths are lower than shooting deaths, which is not supported by the data. Option C is also incorrect as the same data shows that abuse of prescription drugs is a major factor in the overall drug overdose deaths.

Question 6

A Washington Post and the Kaiser Family Foundation survey of a national random sample of 809 long-term prescription painkiller users, adults 18 and over and their household members in 2016 found that cited following reason for use of prescription drugs

Accepted Answer

The survey found that individuals used prescription painkillers for various reasons including to relieve physical pain, for fun, and to get high, indicating that all of the provided options are correct.

Question 7

The current opioid epidemic is most prevalent among

Accepted Answer

According to current statistics and research, the opioid epidemic is most prevalent among white men and women living largely in rural areas. This demographic has been hit particularly hard by the crisis, with higher rates of opioid prescriptions, overdose deaths, and addiction compared to other groups. African Americans and minority teenage women, in contrast, have lower rates of opioid use and addiction. While American Indians do experience higher rates of addiction, the opioid epidemic is not limited to this group alone.

Question 8

The opioid epidemic and drug-related overdose deaths have disproportionately hit

Accepted Answer

According to multiple studies and reports, Appalachia and Southwest regions of the United States have been hit the hardest by the opioid epidemic and drug-related overdose deaths. These regions have higher rates of poverty, unemployment, and lack of access to healthcare compared to other parts of the country, making them more vulnerable to substance abuse disorders.

Question 9

Factors that have contributed to the opioid epidemic in the United States include all of the following except one. Which is the exception?

Accepted Answer

A strong economy and affluence of Americans is not a factor that has contributed to the opioid epidemic. In fact, the opioid epidemic has affected people from all socioeconomic backgrounds. The other options - B, C, and D - are all factors that have contributed to the opioid epidemic.

Question 10

The Opioid Crisis Response Act of 2018 does all of the following except one. Which is the exception?

Accepted Answer

The Opioid Crisis Response Act of 2018 actually includes a provision that limits the amount of opioid prescriptions physicians can write for their patients every month, so this statement is incorrect. The other options, A, B, and D, are all accurate descriptions of the act.

Question 11

Initiatives undertaken by state governments to address the problem of opioid epidemic include

Accepted Answer

All of the above initiatives have been taken up by state governments to address the problem of opioid epidemic. By filing lawsuits against the manufacturers of opioids, they are holding them accountable for their role in creating this crisis. Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs) help track prescriptions and prevent overprescribing of opioids. Expanded Medicaid programs to cover alternative treatments and therapies provide patients with options other than opioids for managing pain and addiction. So, all these initiatives are necessary to combat the opioid epidemic.

Question 12

Early indications are that the federal and state efforts to address the opioid crisis

Accepted Answer

While it is too early to fully gauge the impact of the federal and state efforts to address the opioid crisis, there have been some positive but limited successes. For instance, opioid prescription rates have decreased, and access to medication-assisted treatment for opioid addiction has increased. However, overdose deaths are still occurring at an alarming rate, and more needs to be done to address the crisis.

Question 13

Which of the following is not true with respect to specialty drugs?

Accepted Answer

The statement "Since they are less expensive than regular drugs, their increased use has led to decrease in healthcare spending" is not true. In fact, specialty drugs are generally more expensive than traditional drugs, and their increased use has often led to an increase in healthcare spending.

Question 14

According to National Pharmaceutical Services (NPS) (2018), general characteristics of specialty drugs include

Accepted Answer

All of the above characteristics listed are general characteristics of specialty drugs. Specialty drugs often have limited distribution networks due to the need for controlled storage and handling, and they are typically used in a unique patient population that requires close monitoring. Additionally, specialty drugs tend to be expensive, often costing several thousands of dollars per month or per course of treatment.

Question 15

Which agency plays a crucial role in the approval of specialty drugs as well as making sure that those who could benefit from specialty drugs have access to them in a timely fashion?

Accepted Answer

The FDA is responsible for granting approval of specialty drugs, and they also ensure that access to these drugs is timely for those who could benefit from them. The other agencies listed do not play a significant role in these areas.

Question 16

The FDA utilizes which approach to encourage the development of drugs that represent the first available treatment for an illness, or ones that have significantly more benefits over existing drugs?

Accepted Answer

All of the above approaches- Fast Track, Breakthrough Therapy, and Priority Review- are utilized by the FDA to encourage the development of drugs that represent the first available treatment for an illness, or ones that have significantly more benefits over existing drugs.

Question 17

Opponents of the high cost of specialty drugs cite all of the following reasons except one for their opposition the high cost. Which is the exception?

Accepted Answer

The opponents of the high cost of specialty drugs cite lack of transparency in costs, taxpayer subsidies for research, and the variability in the cost of new discovery as reasons for their opposition. However, the fact that there is a large market for specialty drugs is not a reason for their opposition but rather a reflection of the demand and need for these drugs.

Question 18

Strategies to reduce the high cost of specialty drugs include all of the following except one. Which is the exception?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the exclusivity time period for specialty drugs' patent would actually increase their cost, as it would give the manufacturer a longer monopoly on the drug, allowing them to charge higher prices without competition. Limiting overuse, promoting the use of off-patent agents, and providing patients with discount coupons are all strategies that can help reduce the high cost of specialty drugs.

Question 19

Opposition to the human genome project from a certain segment of the scientific community was due to their concern

Accepted Answer

All of the above statements contributed to opposition to the human genome project from a segment of the scientific community. Some scientists were concerned about the potential financial prioritization of the project over other basic research initiatives. Others were worried about smaller scale experiments losing funding opportunities. Finally, there were worries about ethical implications, such as the potential for genetic discrimination by insurance companies and employers.

Question 20

Gene editing is a method used by scientists to change the DNA of organisms including plants, animals, and humans. Which industry was the first to start using gene editing?

Accepted Answer

The agricultural industry was the first to start using gene editing to improve crops and develop new varieties. The first genetically modified crops were created in the 1980s, and since then, gene editing has been widely used in agriculture to create disease-resistant crops, increase yields, and improve nutritional value.

Quiz 10: Challenges Facing American Healthcare System