Question 1

In patients with neurological conditions who have spasticity, why is a longer ramp-up time required when stimulating the antagonist muscle?

Accepted Answer

A longer ramp-up time is required when stimulating the antagonist muscle to avoid a quick stretch of the spastic muscle. This allows for a gradual increase in the activation of the antagonist muscle, which can help prevent a sudden increase in the tone of the spastic muscle.

Question 2

When the goal of NMES is to increase joint ROM

Accepted Answer

Before attempting to increase joint ROM using NMES, it is important to rule out any bony impairments that could be limiting motion. This can be done through a thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional.

Question 3

According to the literature, which neurologically impaired populations benefit from NMES?

Accepted Answer

According to the literature, all of the mentioned neurologically impaired populations (CP, post-CVA hemiplegia, MS) may benefit from NMES.

Question 4

FES for dorsiflexion assist during ambulation

Accepted Answer

FES for dorsiflexion assist during ambulation does improve ankle dorsiflexion required during swing phase of gait. It may be particularly useful for patients with drop foot or other neuromuscular disorders. It may not be effective for all patients, but it has been shown to have some positive effects on gait function.

Question 5

NMES applied to the antagonist muscle for patients with spasticity will reduce spasticity based on which of the following theories?

Accepted Answer

NMES applied to the antagonist muscle can lead to reciprocal inhibition of the spastic agonist muscle. This occurs because activation of the antagonist muscle through NMES causes an inhibitory signal to be sent to the spastic muscle, reducing its activity and therefore reducing spasticity.

Question 6

Which of the following is supported by the literature when performing cycling FES for patients with spinal cord injuries?

Accepted Answer

The literature supports the use of cycling FES for patients with spinal cord injuries for durations of 30 to 60 minutes, three times per week. This frequency and duration are considered effective for improving physical health and potentially aiding in recovery processes.

Question 7

What is one potential advantage of using NMES on the lower body of a person with a complete thoracic-level spinal cord injury (SCI)?

Accepted Answer

After a spinal cord injury, the bones of the lower body experience decreased weight-bearing loads, leading to a rapid decrease in bone density. The use of NMES on the lower body can increase lower extremity muscle activity and provide a load on the bones. This increased activity can help prevent the development of osteoporosis and promote bone growth.

Question 8

Which of the following is known about the use of biofeedback for patients who have had a stroke?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is known about...

Question 9

Which parameters would most likely be effective when the goal of NMES is to enhance strength?

Accepted Answer

Higher frequency (75 pps) and longer rest periods (10 seconds on : 50 seconds off) are effective for enhancing strength as they allow for greater muscle contraction and recovery.

Question 10

Select an appropriate electrode placement for ambulation assist in a person with decreased active dorsiflexion during the swing phase of gait.

Accepted Answer

Peroneal nerve and anterior tibialis muscle belly. This electrode placement would stimulate the peroneal nerve, which would result in dorsiflexion of the foot, and the anterior tibialis muscle, which would assist in foot clearance during the swing phase of gait.

Question 11

When using NMES to increase range of motion (ROM) and tissue extensibility

Accepted Answer

The answer of When using NMES to increase range of...

Question 12

Which set of parameters is most appropriate for treating urge incontinence?

Accepted Answer

For urge incontinence, a low frequency (around 12 pps) and short on time (around 5 seconds) with a longer off time (around 15 seconds) is generally recommended. The longer off time allows for relaxation and inhibition of the detrusor muscle. The duration of treatment should be around 30 minutes, three times per day for best results. Therefore, option B has the most appropriate parameters for treating urge incontinence.

Question 13

FES for decreasing shoulder subluxation in patients post-CVA

Accepted Answer

Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) for decreasing shoulder subluxation in patients post-CVA (Cerebrovascular Accident or stroke) is most effectively applied to the posterior deltoid and supraspinatus muscles. These muscles are key in stabilizing the shoulder joint and can help counteract the effects of subluxation by improving muscle tone and strength in the affected area.

Question 14

Studies have shown that FES for upper extremity function has been effective in facilitating functional use of the extremity in which of the following patient populations?

Accepted Answer

FES for upper extremity function has been shown to be effective in facilitating functional use of the extremity in patients who have had a stroke, those with traumatic brain injury, and those having a spinal cord injury.

Question 15

Studies have shown that NMES for patients with neurological problems who have muscle weakness

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that NMES can be effective in increasing muscle strength in patients with neurological problems, especially in the stroke population. While there may be minimal improvements in muscle strength in some cases, overall, research supports the use of NMES as a viable treatment option for improving muscle strength in this patient population.

Question 16

Which of the following is the primary benefit of FES cycling for spinal cord injured patients?

Accepted Answer

FES (Functional Electrical Stimulation) cycling primarily benefits spinal cord injured patients by improving cardiovascular health. It helps in maintaining cardiovascular fitness by stimulating muscle contractions, which can enhance heart and lung function.

Quiz 14: Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Nmes and Functional Electrical Stimulation Fes in Patients With Neurological Diagnoses