Question 1

Early views on autism blamed ______ parents for causing the disorder.
A) overly attached and protective
B) emotionally unstable and hysterical
C) overly demanding and perfectionistic
D) cold and detached

Accepted Answer

During the 1950s and 1960s, autism was believed to be caused by "refrigerator mothers" who were cold and emotionally distant towards their children. This theory has since been discredited and is now considered a harmful stereotype.

Question 2

Research has ______ supported the notion that autism in children is caused by cold and detached parents.
A) not
B) partly
C) mostly
D) completely

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently debunked the theory that autism is caused by parenting style. This notion has been discredited and rejected by the scientific community.

Question 3

Children with autism are bound by ______.
A) separation anxiety
B) psychotic episodes
C) ritual
D) fantasy playmates

Accepted Answer

Children with autism typically engage in ritualistic behaviors and have a strong need for routine and predictability. This can manifest as repetitive movements, strict adherence to specific routines, and difficulty with transitions or changes in their environment. Separation anxiety and psychotic episodes are not necessarily common among all children with autism, and fantasy playmates may or may not be present depending on the individual child.

Question 4

Which factor would result in a poorer prognosis for autistic children?
A) delay in diagnosis
B) an autistic sibling
C) urban residence
D) restricted diet

Accepted Answer

Delay in diagnosis can result in a poorer prognosis for autistic children as it delays the implementation of targeted interventions and therapies, which are crucial during the early developmental years. Research has shown that early intervention can significantly improve outcomes for children with autism.

Question 5

Scientists have ______ between autism and childhood vaccines.
A) failed to find any association
B) found only minor correlations
C) found a moderate connection
D) found a very strong link

Accepted Answer

Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the potential link between autism and childhood vaccines, including the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, and overwhelmingly, the scientific consensus is that there is no association between the two. The overwhelming majority of research has shown that vaccines are safe and that there is no scientific evidence to support that vaccines cause autism.

Question 6

Investigators have linked an increased risk of both autism and schizophrenia in children with __________.
A) older fathers
B) older mothers
C) younger fathers
D) younger mothers

Accepted Answer

Several studies have linked advanced paternal age with an increased risk of autism and schizophrenia in offspring. This may be due to increased genetic mutations in sperm as men age. There is no conclusive evidence linking maternal age to these conditions.

Question 7

Language and communication problems displayed by children with autism include which of the following?
A) throat clearing and a raspy voice
B) speaking in a monotone
C) pronoun reversals
D) being excessively gregarious

Accepted Answer

The answer of Language and communication problems displayed by children...

Question 8

Peter is unresponsive to most social stimuli. He rarely smiles, talks, or makes eye contact with others. He seems indifferent to everyone, including his parents. He engages in solitary,
Ritualistic behaviors such as constantly flapping his hands. He sometimes goes into sudden
Tantrums or panics. He also insists on the same familiar food each day. Peter's disorder is
Most likely ______.
A) autism
B) childhood schizophrenia
C) intellectual developmental disorder
D) avoidant disorder

Accepted Answer

Peter's lack of social responsiveness, solitary behavior, repetitive movements, and insistence on sameness are all characteristic of autism. Childhood schizophrenia and avoidant disorder do not typically present with these specific symptoms, and while intellectual developmental disorder can sometimes be accompanied by social difficulties, it is not typically associated with the repetitive behaviors or insistence on sameness seen in autism.

Question 9

Autism occurs ______ in boys as compared to girls.
A) equally
B) two-thirds as much
C) twice as much
D) nearly five times as much

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that autism occurs nearly five times more frequently in boys than in girls.

Question 10

Some parents of children with _________ worry that their children may not meet the DSM-5 criteria for autism spectrum disorder and thus not receive treatment services or reimbursement for these services.
A) Rett's Disorder
B) Tourette's syndrome
C) Asperger's disorder
D) autism

Accepted Answer

Asperger's disorder is now part of the broader category of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the DSM-5. Parents of children with Asperger's may worry their children won't meet the new, broader criteria for ASD, affecting their access to services.

Question 11

A child who repeatedly bangs his or her head, refuses to interact socially, avoids eye contact, and has impaired communication has characteristics of ______.
A) Rett's disorder
B) childhood disintegrative disorder
C) Asperger's disorder
D) autism

Accepted Answer

The given characteristics such as head-banging, social avoidance, impaired communication, and lack of eye contact are indicative of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The other disorders listed, such as Rett's disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, and Asperger's disorder, may also involve social communication deficits, but they have distinct diagnostic criteria that differ from the symptoms described in the question.

Question 12

The most poignant feature of autism is the child's ______.
A) ritualistic behavior
B) communication difficulties
C) panic episodes
D) utter aloneness

Accepted Answer

The term "utter aloneness" refers to the child's difficulty in connecting with others, social communication, and inability to develop and maintain relationships, which is one of the hallmark features of autism. Although ritualistic behavior, communication difficulties and panic episodes are also common in children with autism, the most poignant feature is their profound sense of aloneness.

Question 13

The increase in the number of children in the United States diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder may be due to a(n)__________.
A) increase in the numbers of vaccinations given
B) increase in the amount of food dyes and food additives
C) decrease in the numbers of cases of Asperger's disorder and other milder forms of autism spectrum disorder
D) increase in the numbers of cases of Asperger's disorder and other milder forms of autism spectrum disorder

Accepted Answer

Recent studies have shown that there has been an increase in the identification of milder forms of autism spectrum disorder, such as Asperger's disorder, which could account for the overall increase in the numbers of children diagnosed with autism in the United States. This increase in identification may be due to better diagnostic tools and greater awareness of autism spectrum disorders among healthcare professionals and the general public.

Question 14

Billy is two years old and rarely speaks or uses gestures. He does not like to be cuddled by his parents nor anyone else for that matter. He does not play with his siblings, but prefers to play
Alone. His play is repetitious and without emotional expression or imagination. Billy meets the
Criteria for ______.
A) Rett's disorder
B) autism
C) Asperger's disorder
D) childhood disintegrative disorder

Accepted Answer

Billy exhibits classic symptoms of autism, including delayed language development, lack of interest in socializing or playing with others, repetitive behavior, and limited imagination.

Question 15

Which of the following is true?
A) Autistic children have an unusually well-developed and differentiated self-concept.
B) Most autistic children show no evidence of intellectual developmental disorder.
C) Autistic children tend to be overly friendly and trusting of others.
D) Because of difficulties in trying to test them, we can only estimate the intellectual ability of most autistic children.

Accepted Answer

It is difficult to test the intellectual ability of most autistic children because of their communication and socialization difficulties. Therefore, their intellectual ability can only be estimated, and we cannot definitively determine whether they have an intellectual developmental disorder or not. Choice A and C are incorrect because autistic children often have difficulties with self-concept and may have social challenges that make them less trusting of others. Choice B is incorrect because many autistic children may have an intellectual developmental disorder.

Question 16

Preservation of sameness is an important feature of ______.
A) autism
B) separation anxiety disorder
C) ADHD
D) Tourette's syndrome

Accepted Answer

Preservation of sameness, or maintaining routines and sameness in the environment, is a characteristic feature of autism. People with autism may struggle with changes in routine or the introduction of new things in their environment. Separation anxiety disorder is characterized by excessive anxiety around separation from attachment figures, not preservation of sameness. ADHD is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, not preservation of sameness. Tourette's syndrome is characterized by involuntary movements or vocalizations, not preservation of sameness.

Question 17

Autism is usually not accurately diagnosed until age ______.
A) two
B) four
C) six
D) eight

Accepted Answer

The answer of Autism is usually not accurately diagnosed until...

Question 18

The clinical features of autism generally become evident between ______ of age.
A) 5 and 10 months
B) 12 and 18 months
C) 18 and 30 months
D) 30 and 36 months

Accepted Answer

The clinical features of autism generally become evident between 18 and 30 months of age, although some children may exhibit symptoms as early as 12 months or as late as 36 months. It is important to note that every child with autism is unique and the age of onset and specific symptoms may vary.

Question 19

Children who are eventually diagnosed with autism are often described by their parents as having been ______ babies early in infancy.
A) demanding
B) active
C) passive
D) good

Accepted Answer

The answer of Children who are eventually diagnosed with autism...

Question 20

Which of the following is true of children with autism?
A) They maintain good eye contact but typically are not drawn to social exchanges.
B) As they develop, they begin to reject affectionate contacts such as hugging, kissing, and cuddling with their parents.
C) They are often described by their parents as having been difficult babies during early infancy.
D) They have distinctive, unusual facial features and have an "intelligent look" about them.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true of...

Quiz 13: Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence

Early views on autism blamed ______ parents for causing the disorder.

Research has ______ supported the notion that autism in children is caused by cold and detached parents.

Children with autism are bound by ______.

Which factor would result in a poorer prognosis for autistic children?

Scientists have ______ between autism and childhood vaccines.

Investigators have linked an increased risk of both autism and schizophrenia in children with __________.

Language and communication problems displayed by children with autism include which of the following?

Autism occurs ______ in boys as compared to girls.

Some parents of children with _________ worry that their children may not meet the DSM-5 criteria for autism spectrum disorder and thus not receive treatment services or reimbursement for these services.

A child who repeatedly bangs his or her head, refuses to interact socially, avoids eye contact, and has impaired communication has characteristics of ______.

The most poignant feature of autism is the child's ______.

The increase in the number of children in the United States diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder may be due to a(n) __________.

Which of the following is true?

Preservation of sameness is an important feature of ______.

Autism is usually not accurately diagnosed until age ______.

The clinical features of autism generally become evident between ______ of age.

Children who are eventually diagnosed with autism are often described by their parents as having been ______ babies early in infancy.

Which of the following is true of children with autism?