Question 1

Cortisol is a glucocorticoid that helps maintain blood glucose levels during fasting by
A) stimulating the synthesis of fatty acids
B) promoting the conversion of amino acids into proteins in muscle tissues
C) increasing the glucose-dependent inflammatory response
D) promoting fat utilization
E) inhibiting glucose utilization in muscle cells

Accepted Answer

Cortisol promotes fat utilization by stimulating the breakdown of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol, which can then be used for energy production. It does not promote the synthesis of fatty acids, protein synthesis in muscle tissues, or glucose-dependent inflammatory response. In fact, cortisol can inhibit glucose utilization in muscle cells by decreasing glucose transport into these cells.

Question 2

Uptake of blood glucose by liver cells is stimulated by
A) ADH
B) prolactin
C) parathyroid hormone
D) glucagon
E) insulin

Accepted Answer

Uptake of blood glucose by liver cells is stimulated by insulin.

Question 3

FSH is a hormone important to the proper functioning of the ovaries and testes. This hormone will not be released from the anterior pituitary until ________ is released from the hypothalamus.
A) TSH
B) GnRH
C) ACTH
D) LH
E) PRL

Accepted Answer

GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) is released from the hypothalamus and stimulates the release of FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone) from the anterior pituitary gland, which then act on the ovaries and testes.

Question 4

The action of nonsteroid hormones often results in conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP, which then functions
A) as an internal receptor for steroid hormones
B) as an enzyme in the generation of ATP
C) to initiate a cascade of enzyme activations
D) to stimulate the release of the original hormone from the cell surface receptor
E) as a secondary hormone released into the bloodstream

Accepted Answer

The conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP is known as the cAMP signaling pathway, which is a common signaling mechanism used by nonsteroid hormones. Once cyclic AMP is produced, it acts as a second messenger to initiate a cascade of enzyme activations, ultimately leading to the physiological response of the hormone.

Question 5

Prednisone is a glucocorticoid hormone that is sometimes prescribed to treat rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and severe allergic reactions. If prednisone were taken for several weeks, which one of the following might occur?
A) Production of natural cortisol may decrease.
B) Production of estrogen by the ovaries may decrease.
C) Levels of thyroid hormone may be elevated.
D) Levels of aldosterone may be elevated.
E) Levels of parathyroid hormone may be decreased.

Accepted Answer

Prednisone is a synthetic glucocorticoid hormone, which means it can suppress the production of natural cortisol in the body. This can lead to a condition called adrenal insufficiency when the medication is stopped. Therefore, if prednisone is taken for several weeks or longer, it is important to slowly decrease the dose to allow the body to adjust and resume natural cortisol production.

Question 6

The anterior pituitary gland produces all of the following EXCEPT which one?
A) ACTH
B) LH
C) PRL
D) TSH
E) ADH

Accepted Answer

The answer of The anterior pituitary gland produces all of...

Question 7

Insufficient production of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary may result in
A) diabetes insipidus
B) a drop in blood glucose levels
C) acromegaly
D) dwarfism
E) gigantism

Accepted Answer

Insufficient production of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary can lead to dwarfism, as growth hormone is necessary for normal growth and development. Diabetes insipidus, a drop in blood glucose levels, acromegaly, and gigantism are all conditions related to the pituitary gland, but they are not specifically caused by a lack of growth hormone.

Question 8

The endocrine system has certain characteristics that set it apart from the nervous system. Which one of the following characteristics is typical of the endocrine system, but NOT the nervous system?
A) The chemicals used for communication reach nearly every living cell except brain and reproductive tissues.
B) The agents of communication are always in the form of a chemical.
C) Hormones typically act on any cell they make contact with.
D) Hormones can interact with the neurons, but neurons cannot communicate with endocrine cells.
E) Hormones rely on cell receptors to transfer a message, but neurotransmitters do not require them.

Accepted Answer

The agents of communication in the endocrine system are always in the form of a chemical (hormone), while in the nervous system, communication can also occur through electrical impulses.

Question 9

Which one of the following hormones stimulates the production of testosterone in males?
A) prolactin
B) LH
C) aldosterone
D) FSH
E) growth hormone

Accepted Answer

LH (Luteinizing Hormone) stimulates the production of testosterone in males by stimulating the Leydig cells in the testes.

Question 10

Luteinizing hormone is considered a gonadotropin because of which one of the following reasons?
A) It stimulates the growth and development of gonads, but only in females.
B) It stimulates the growth but not the development of gonads in males.
C) It promotes the growth of reproductive organs in both males and females.
D) It functions to complement the activity of TSH.
E) It triggers the production of gonadotropin hormones.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Luteinizing hormone is considered a gonadotropin because...

Question 11

Nonsteroid hormones differ from steroid hormones in that they
A) cause a change to occur in the target cell
B) bind to an intracellular receptor
C) are water insoluble
D) cannot be stored
E) bind to a receptor on the outer surface of the cell membrane

Accepted Answer

Nonsteroid hormones bind to a receptor on the outer surface of the cell membrane, while steroid hormones bind to an intracellular receptor. Nonsteroid hormones are typically water soluble and cannot easily diffuse across the cell membrane, whereas steroid hormones are lipid soluble and easily diffuse across the membrane. Nonsteroid hormones also do not require storage, as they are synthesized and released as needed.

Question 12

During times of stress, which one of the following glands releases CRH to stimulate the anterior pituitary to release ACTH?
A) hypothalamus
B) pancreas
C) adrenal medulla
D) posterior pituitary
E) anterior pituitary

Accepted Answer

During times of stress, the hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) to stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). This, in turn, triggers the release of cortisol from the adrenal gland, which helps the body deal with the stress.

Question 13

When oxytocin is released during childbirth, the hormone targets cells in the
A) kidneys
B) breasts
C) hypothalamus
D) uterus
E) both the breasts and uterus

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin is a hormone that is released during childbirth. It targets cells in the uterus, causing them to contract and push the baby out.

Question 14

Which one of the following parts of the brain links to the endocrine system?
A) hypothalamus
B) thyroid
C) anterior pituitary
D) thymus
E) posterior pituitary

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus is a region of the brain that links the nervous system to the endocrine system through its control of the pituitary gland. The hypothalamus produces and secretes a variety of hormones that regulate the release of hormones from the anterior and posterior pituitary gland. Thus, the hypothalamus plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis in the body.

Question 15

All of the following statements about the endocrine system are TRUE EXCEPT which one?
A) Many hormones are not able to cross the blood-brain barrier.
B) Hormones are distributed via the circulatory system.
C) Hormones exert their effects on cells that have the specific hormone receptor.
D) Hormones act more quickly than the nervous system.
E) The endocrine system and the nervous system frequently interact.

Accepted Answer

Hormones actually act more slowly than the nervous system.

Question 16

Hyposecretion of ADH results in
A) stimulation of protein synthesis
B) reduced uptake of blood glucose
C) diabetes insipidus
D) an increase in the mass and length of bones
E) overstimulation of cell division

Accepted Answer

Hyposecretion of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) results in a condition known as diabetes insipidus, which is characterized by excessive thirst and urination due to the inability of the kidneys to conserve water.

Question 17

Insulin helps regulate blood sugar at homeostatic levels by
A) stimulating alpha cells of the pancreas to produce more hormones
B) promoting the entry of glucose into cells
C) stimulating the breakdown of glycogen to glucose
D) activating hormone production in the posterior pituitary gland
E) promoting the breakdown of fat

Accepted Answer

Insulin promotes the entry of glucose into cells, which helps lower blood sugar levels and maintain homeostasis.

Question 18

The following is a list of events involved in the activation of a cell by a steroid hormone. Which one of the following answers best represents the order in which the steps occur? 1. cellular response to the hormone
2) activation of a gene
3) formation of a hormone-receptor complex
4) diffusion of the hormone through a target cell membrane
5) production of a protein
A) 4, 3, 2, 5, 1
B) 2, 5, 4, 3, 1
C) 5, 3, 4, 1, 2
D) 2, 5, 1, 3, 4
E) 4, 3, 2, 1, 5

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following is a list of events...

Question 19

Hormones act upon specific target tissues because
A) they interact only with target cells at a synapse
B) they are released next to target tissues, so they cannot interact with other cells
C) target tissues display the appropriate receptor for a particular hormone
D) they can be released only following depolarization of the target cell
E) the blood has access to all body tissues

Accepted Answer

Target tissues display the appropriate receptor for a particular hormone, allowing hormones to interact specifically with those tissues.

Question 20

An individual, driving through his neighborhood, suddenly jams on his car brakes to avoid hitting a child who runs into the road after a ball. A few seconds later, the driver finds that he is shaking and his heart is pounding. This is primarily due to the secretion of which one of the following?
A) epinephrine from the adrenal medulla
B) cortisol from the adrenal cortex
C) insulin from the pancreas
D) thyroxine from the thyroid
E) norepinephrine from the adrenal cortex

Accepted Answer

The sudden stop caused a fight or flight response in the driver, leading to the secretion of epinephrine (also known as adrenaline) from the adrenal medulla, which triggers the body's physiological response to stress. This includes an increased heart rate and elevated blood sugar levels, which can cause shaking and a pounding heart.

Quiz 13: The Endocrine System

Cortisol is a glucocorticoid that helps maintain blood glucose levels during fasting by

Uptake of blood glucose by liver cells is stimulated by

FSH is a hormone important to the proper functioning of the ovaries and testes. This hormone will not be released from the anterior pituitary until ________ is released from the hypothalamus.

The action of nonsteroid hormones often results in conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP, which then functions

Prednisone is a glucocorticoid hormone that is sometimes prescribed to treat rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and severe allergic reactions. If prednisone were taken for several weeks, which one of the following might occur?

The anterior pituitary gland produces all of the following EXCEPT which one?

Insufficient production of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary may result in

The endocrine system has certain characteristics that set it apart from the nervous system. Which one of the following characteristics is typical of the endocrine system, but NOT the nervous system?

Which one of the following hormones stimulates the production of testosterone in males?

Luteinizing hormone is considered a gonadotropin because of which one of the following reasons?

Nonsteroid hormones differ from steroid hormones in that they

During times of stress, which one of the following glands releases CRH to stimulate the anterior pituitary to release ACTH?

When oxytocin is released during childbirth, the hormone targets cells in the

Which one of the following parts of the brain links to the endocrine system?

All of the following statements about the endocrine system are TRUE EXCEPT which one?

Hyposecretion of ADH results in

Insulin helps regulate blood sugar at homeostatic levels by

Hormones act upon specific target tissues because

An individual, driving through his neighborhood, suddenly jams on his car brakes to avoid hitting a child who runs into the road after a ball. A few seconds later, the driver finds that he is shaking and his heart is pounding. This is primarily due to the secretion of which one of the following?