Question 1

Frank is 86 years of age. He is 181cm tall. What has happened to his nutritional requirements as he has aged? His energy and protein requirements have:

Accepted Answer

As people age, their energy requirements typically decrease due to a reduction in basal metabolic rate and often less physical activity. However, their protein needs may increase or stay the same to help maintain muscle mass, support immune function, and for overall health maintenance.

Question 2

How much and how often would you recommend Frank to consume protein per day?

Accepted Answer

For most people, including those who are active, a daily protein intake of 1.0-1.3 g/kg/day is recommended for optimal health and muscle maintenance. Spreading this intake throughout the day is advised to maximize protein synthesis and muscle repair.

Question 3

What would be Frank's recommended weight for optimising survival?

Accepted Answer

D

Question 4

Hypochlorhydria is known to affect the absorption of what micronutrient in older people?

Accepted Answer

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Question 5

Requirements for which micronutrients increase with age?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D and calcium requirements increase with age to help maintain bone health and reduce the risk of osteoporosis. Vitamin D aids in calcium absorption, and both nutrients are crucial for maintaining bone density as one ages.

Question 6

Most Australian women over the age of 70 are not meeting the EAR for which nutrient?

Accepted Answer

According to the Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand, the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for calcium for women over the age of 70 is 1300mg/day. Studies have shown that a significant portion of Australian women over the age of 70 are not meeting this requirement, which is concerning as calcium is important for bone health and preventing osteoporosis. While folate, iodine, iron, and zinc are all important nutrients, it is calcium that most Australian women over the age of 70 are failing to consume in adequate amounts.

Question 7

Francine is a 50-year-old woman with a family history of macular degeneration. She would like to eat a diet that reduces her risk of this condition. What specific group of foods would you recommend Francine add to her diet:

Accepted Answer

The group of foods that may reduce the risk of macular degeneration include those that contain lutein and zeaxanthin, such as eggs, salmon, and yellow/orange vegetables. These nutrients are particularly important for eye health and may help protect against damage caused by UV light and oxidative stress. Francine should prioritize incorporating these foods into her diet.

Question 8

You are going to give a talk at a retirement village on nutrition for healthy ageing. One of your key messages would be to make sure they eat:

Accepted Answer

Nutrient-dense foods are the best choice for healthy aging as they provide all the necessary nutrients without excess calories. It is important for older adults to maintain a healthy weight and avoid nutrient deficiencies, which can lead to various health problems. This can be achieved by including a variety of colorful fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats in their diet.

Question 9

Maintaining physical activity and increasing the nutrient density of the foods eaten are the principal preventative strategies for:

Accepted Answer

Maintaining physical activity and increasing nutrient density of foods are important for preventing protein energy malnutrition, which is a condition that can occur when a person does not consume enough calories or does not have enough nutrients in their diet. Atrophic gastritis, apoptosis, incontinence, and dementia are not primarily prevented by these strategies.

Question 10

Which of the following is thought to assist in the compression of morbidity towards the end of life?

Accepted Answer

Ensuring a high nutrient density of foods consumed is thought to assist in the compression of morbidity towards the end of life. This means that individuals who consume nutrient-dense foods throughout their lives may experience fewer years of poor health at the end of their lives, leading to a higher quality of life overall. Social isolation, reducing food variety, reducing regular physical activity, and restricting phytochemical density of foods consumed do not have a positive impact on the compression of morbidity.

Question 11

Identify six cellular changes that occur with ageing?

Accepted Answer

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Question 12

Discuss six social, psychological and physical factors that could impact on the dietary intake of an older person.

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

List the sub-groups of older people that are more likely to consume inadequate diets.

Accepted Answer

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Question 14

Using a life-course approach discuss the elements of successful ageing. 
Life-course approach means that ageing is considered life long and that with late-life health there are numerous opportunities for adaptation and intervention across the lifespan. Elements of successful ageing are:

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

Describe the contributors to sarcopenia.

Accepted Answer

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Question 16

What factors are characteristic of frailty?

Accepted Answer

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Question 17

An aged care facility is renovating and thinking of losing the dining room area, as most people would like the privacy of eating in their own rooms. What would be your advice and why?

Accepted Answer

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Quiz 22: Adults and the Later Years