Question 1

Crime trends can occur over months, years, decades, or even centuries, but are rarely discussed in terms shorter than ______________.

Accepted Answer

Crime trends are typically discussed in terms of months, years, decades, or centuries, indicating that discussions shorter than a month or longer than a decade are rare. This reflects the need for a significant amount of data to identify a trend in crime rates accurately.

Question 2

Crime problems are different from crime trends; A crime problem usually refers to multiple crime or disorder incidents with common causal factors while a crime trend can be viewed as the______________ .

Accepted Answer

A crime trend refers to an overall increase or decrease in a particular type of crime, whereas a crime problem is a specific issue that is causing multiple incidents of crime or disorder. Therefore, the best answer is B - symptoms.

Question 3

The most all-encompassing definition of a crime problem comes from Ron Clarke and John Eck, who define a problem as "a recurring set of related harmful events in a community that members of the public ______________."

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most all-encompassing definition of a crime...

Question 4

Quantitative research usually involves statistics and data that can be scored and presented easily _______.

Accepted Answer

Quantitative research involves collecting and analyzing numerical data, which is usually best presented in graphs or tables. Short sound bites, long documentaries, or YouTube videos are not the most effective means of presenting statistical data.

Question 5

The knowledge gained through qualitative investigations tends to be more informative and richer while offering ______________.

Accepted Answer

Qualitative investigations allow for in-depth exploration and understanding of a phenomenon or situation, often providing a rich description and insight that cannot be obtained through quantitative research alone. Additionally, qualitative research methods can help researchers develop new hypotheses and theories that can be tested using quantitative research methods.

Question 6

The qualitative methods specific to strategic crime analysis include field research, content analysis, interviews, focus groups and ______________.

Accepted Answer

Environmental assessment is a qualitative method that can be used in strategic crime analysis to identify potential crime hotspots or areas that may be vulnerable to certain types of crime. It involves examining physical and social factors that may contribute to crime, such as lighting, visibility, and social disorder. Standardized tests and projective techniques are not commonly used in strategic crime analysis, while the SARA approach (Scanning, Analysis, Response, Assessment) is a framework for problem-solving that may involve a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods.

Question 7

Field research for the strategic crime analyst means observing the characteristics of various crime locations or immersion in a setting where crime occurs so as to better understand the _______of the social structure or the action and interaction of a neighborhood, a group, or victims.

Accepted Answer

Field research for the strategic crime analyst involves observing the what, how, when and where of crime in order to understand the social structure or the action and interaction of a neighborhood, a group or victims. It does not necessarily involve studying psychological dynamics, economic variables, or biological basis.

Question 8

During field research, the actual data that a crime analyst observes are generally ______________while doing observation.

Accepted Answer

The actual data that a crime analyst observes during field research are generally notes that the researcher takes while performing observation. The analyst will make observations of the environment, people, and behaviors that are relevant to the research question and will record these observations in their notes. This data will then be used to analyze patterns and develop insights or recommendations based on the findings. Test scores from participants, police reports, and FBI statistics are not typically observed during field research.

Question 9

Ethnographic methods have to do with combining observational skills with the interpersonal skills of navigating a new environment so as to find one's way through a new world while learning how to be a ______________.

Accepted Answer

Ethnographic methods emphasize being a nondisruptive presence to observe and understand the culture and practices of a new environment without influencing or altering it.

Question 10

The data utilized in content analysis by the crime analyst is almost always text or narrative and the emphasis is on the meaning of text; In quantitative methods, the emphasis is usually on ______________.

Accepted Answer

Quantitative methods typically focus on statistical analysis, such as counting and measuring variables, rather than interpreting meaning in text.

Question 11

Survey research involves the collection of information from a sample of individuals through their responses to _______.

Accepted Answer

Survey research involves the use of questionnaires or interviews to collect data from a sample of individuals. The survey questions can be either open-ended or closed-ended, and the responses are then analyzed to draw conclusions about the population being studied. Anonymous phone calls, reporter's inquiries, and FBI interrogations are not methods typically used in survey research.

Question 12

Focus groups are ______________in which an analyst meets with a collection of similarly situated, but usually unrelated persons, for purposes of uncovering information about a topic.

Accepted Answer

Focus groups are guided conversations where an analyst gathers a group of individuals who are similar in certain aspects, such as demographics or purchasing habits, to discuss a topic of interest. They are not paper and pencil tasks, very large groups, or online and anonymous chats.

Question 13

Environmental surveys are used to systematically observe the physical features of a location in order to learn how the space is used, what types of people are generally present, how they congregate and the _______.

Accepted Answer

Environmental surveys can help identify potential for criminal activity by observing lighting, sightlines, and other factors that may promote or deter criminal behavior. The other choices are unrelated to the purpose of an environmental survey.

Question 14

Data analysis and field research will lead to some hypotheses or conclusions about a ______________.

Accepted Answer

Data analysis and field research are often used to identify and understand crime problems or trends, such as an increase in drug-related crimes in a particular area or a decrease in violent crimes. This information can then be used to develop strategies to address the problem or trend. The other options may also be studied using data analysis and field research, but they are not as directly related to the field of criminology.

Question 15

It is not enough for the strategic crime analyst to identify a crime trend; he or she must go _______ the amelioration of the problem or trend.

Accepted Answer

Once a crime trend has been identified, it is important for the strategic crime analyst to go beyond just identifying the problem and make recommendations for how to address and potentially reduce the trend. This may include developing new strategies or adjusting existing ones in order to better address the issue. Going to the chief for permission to pursue or going back to their office to study may be steps in the process, but they are not sufficient on their own. Going back to college to learn more about crime analysis may be helpful in developing skills and knowledge, but it is not a necessary step in addressing a crime trend.

Question 16

Clarke and Eck outlined a role in which the crime analyst uses the ______________to generate new responses to the problems that are diagnosed and participates directly in efforts to test and implement them.

Accepted Answer

The SARA model (Scanning, Analysis, Response, and Assessment) in crime prevention involves the crime analyst in generating new responses to the problems that are diagnosed and participating directly in efforts to test and implement them. The FBI, ACLU, and Crime Analysis Triangle models do not specifically outline this role for the crime analyst.

Question 17

There is generally solid evidence that ______________enforcement at crime or disorder hot spots can be effective.

Accepted Answer

Geographically concentrated enforcement has been shown to be effective in reducing crime and disorder at hot spots. This approach involves focusing law enforcement resources on specific areas that have high levels of criminal activity, rather than spreading out resources over a larger area. Aggressive law enforcement may have unintended negative consequences, while passive law enforcement is unlikely to have any impact on crime or disorder.

Question 18

Herman Goldstein originated the concept of problem-oriented policing in a paper published in 1979; he proposed a simple idea: Policing should fundamentally be about _______.

Accepted Answer

Goldstein believed that policing should focus on addressing the underlying issues that lead to recurring crime problems rather than just arresting offenders. This approach involves identifying specific problems, developing targeted strategies to address them, and evaluating the effectiveness of those strategies. It is a proactive and collaborative approach to policing that aims to prevent crime and improve community safety.

Question 19

Herman Goldstein said the police must adopt a problem-solving approach in which they work through four stages, the first of which is ______________.

Accepted Answer

The first stage of Goldstein's problem-solving approach is to scan data to identify patterns in the incidents police routinely handle, in order to identify underlying problems and potential solutions.

Question 20

In the SARA Model and approach, Eck and Clarke that it is at the stages of ______________ that the strategic analyst can make the greatest contribution.

Accepted Answer

According to Eck and Clarke, the strategic analyst can make the greatest contribution at the stages of Analysis and Assessment in the SARA Model and approach. These stages involve gathering and analyzing information to identify the root causes of the problem and developing a comprehensive understanding of the problem. This information is crucial in developing effective responses to the problem. Therefore, the strategic analyst's contribution at these stages is vital in ensuring that the problem is correctly understood and that suitable responses are developed.

Quiz 13: Strategic Crime Analysis