Question 1

Disorganization and inattention are associated with impairments in the

Accepted Answer

Disorganization and inattention are associated with impairments in the prefrontal lobe and frontal cortex, which are the regions of the brain responsible for executive functioning, planning, attention, and working memory. The Cerebellum and Basal ganglia are not directly responsible for these functions.

Question 2

Gender studies indicate which of the following to be true:

Accepted Answer

Gender studies indicate that girls with ADHD tend to be more withdrawn and exhibit symptoms of inattention, which can often go unnoticed or be misdiagnosed as anxiety or depression. Boys with ADHD, on the other hand, typically exhibit more hyperactive and impulsive behaviors, which may be more noticeable and diagnosed earlier. The other options are not supported by gender studies.

Question 3

A child should be referred for services due to ADHD only after medication has failed to control the problem.

Accepted Answer

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, medication is not the first-line treatment for ADHD, and behavioral interventions should be tried before medication. Referral for ADHD services can be made if there is significant impairment despite these interventions, or if the family prefers medication as a treatment option.

Question 4

_________ are common in persons with ADHD; they impact executive functions by affecting the ability to withhold a planned response, interrupt an ongoing process, and protect an ongoing process from distractions.

Accepted Answer

Behavioral inhibitions are commonly impaired in persons with ADHD, leading to difficulties in withholding planned responses, interrupting ongoing processes, and protecting from distractions. This affects executive functions and self-regulation. Psychostimulants can be used to improve ADHD symptoms, but they are not a direct answer to this question.

Question 5

Bias was an initial concern when using behavior rating scales, but the standardization process used today eliminates the risk of bias.

Accepted Answer

While the standardization process aims to reduce bias in behavior rating scales, it does not completely eliminate the risk of bias. Factors such as cultural differences, subjective interpretations, and the rater's own biases can still influence outcomes.

Question 6

According to research, ADHD is more often diagnosed in males than in females.

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently shown that males are more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD than females. However, this may be due to gender bias in diagnosis and girls with ADHD may be less likely to be identified and diagnosed.

Question 7

The prefrontal and frontal lobes of the brain are responsible for _________________.

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal and frontal lobes of the brain are responsible for executive functions such as planning, decision-making, problem-solving, and working memory. These regions also play a role in regulating behavior, attention, and goal-directed actions. While the prefrontal cortex is often associated with emotional regulation, this is not its primary function. The motor cortex, located in the frontal lobe, is responsible for controlling voluntary movement, but this is a separate function from executive functions. The brainstem, not the frontal or prefrontal lobes, is responsible for regulating body temperature.

Question 8

During the 2011-2012 school year, more than 734,000 students were identified as Other Health Impaired.In the past decade, this category has seen an astonishing _______increase, largely suspected to be the result of the increased number of students diagnosed with ADHD.

Accepted Answer

According to the information given, the number of students identified as Other Health Impaired has seen an "astonishing" increase in the past decade, largely due to increased diagnoses of ADHD. The only choice that reflects a significant increase is C) 117%.

Question 9

Individuals with ADHD almost always make friends easily because of their outgoing nature.

Accepted Answer

Individuals with ADHD may struggle with making and maintaining friendships due to impulsivity, difficulty in following social cues, and maintaining attention in conversations, which can impact social interactions.

Question 10

In 1942, youngsters who displayed high levels of distractibility and hyperactivity were commonly referred to as exhibiting the ________syndrome.

Accepted Answer

Strauss Syndrome refers to the early conceptualization of what we now understand as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This term was used following the work of Alfred Strauss and Laura Lehtinen in the 1940s, who studied children with learning difficulties, including those who exhibited high levels of distractibility and hyperactivity.

Question 11

Behaviors characteristic of ADHD are easy to see, making assessment and identification of the disorder simple.

Accepted Answer

Behaviors characteristic of ADHD can be similar to those of other disorders or simply a normal part of childhood development, leading to misdiagnosis or underdiagnosis. Therefore, assessment and identification of ADHD can be complex and require a comprehensive evaluation from a trained professional.

Question 12

What is the estimated prevalence of ADHD in the school-age population?

Accepted Answer

The estimated prevalence of ADHD in the school-age population is 3%-9%, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Question 13

Approximately _____ out of 10 children with ADHD will continue to display symptoms in adolescence.

Accepted Answer

Approximately 7 out of 10 children with ADHD will continue to display symptoms into adolescence. This high continuation rate underscores the chronic nature of ADHD for many individuals.

Question 14

According to the DSM-V, to be considered as having ADHD, an individual must have had symptoms that occurred before age _______________.

Accepted Answer

According to the DSM-V (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition), to be diagnosed with ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), an individual must have had several symptoms present before age 12.

Question 15

What is the most salient feature of ADHD?

Accepted Answer

The most salient feature of ADHD is academic underachievement. This is due to the difficulties that individuals with ADHD have with sustaining attention and regulating their behavior, which can interfere with their ability to learn and participate in academic activities. While other features of ADHD, such as impulsivity and hyperactivity, can also impact academic performance, academic underachievement is most closely associated with ADHD. Depression, high academic achievement, and high absenteeism may occur in individuals with ADHD, but they are not the most salient feature of the disorder.

Question 16

__________________ is a term used to refer to an individual's ability to withhold planned responses to stimuli, interrupt an initiated response, and protect an ongoing activity from distracting stimuli.

Accepted Answer

Behavioral inhibition refers to an individual's ability to inhibit or control their planned or initiated responses to stimuli. It involves the ability to protect oneself from distracting or irrelevant stimuli and maintain focus on the task at hand. Protective behaviors, behavior modification, and behavioral consistency are related to behavior but do not specifically refer to the ability to inhibit responses.

Question 17

Which of the following is not a possible characteristic of an adult with ADHD.

Accepted Answer

While symptoms of ADHD may improve or change over time, it is not accurate to say that an adult with ADHD has "grown out" of the condition. ADHD is a lifelong condition that may require ongoing management and treatment. Therefore, Option D is not a possible characteristic of an adult with ADHD.

Question 18

Self-regulation techniques are useful in both special and general education classrooms.

Accepted Answer

Self-regulation techniques can be beneficial for all students, regardless of their learning needs, and can help them develop skills in managing their emotions, behavior, and attention. These techniques can be particularly helpful for students with special needs, such as those with ADHD or autism, who may have difficulty with self-regulation. However, all students can benefit from learning self-regulation strategies to improve their overall academic success and well-being in the classroom.

Question 19

Current IDEA legislation recognizes ADHD as a separate disability category.

Accepted Answer

ADHD is not recognized as a separate disability category under IDEA; instead, it may fall under the category of "Other Health Impairment."

Question 20

The precise cause of ADHD is

Accepted Answer

The precise cause of ADHD is unknown, though it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors.

Quiz 8: Individuals With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder