Question 1

Which of the following best describes the concept of "taking the role of the other"?

Accepted Answer

"Taking the role of the other" refers to the ability to understand another person's perspective or point of view. This is a key component of empathy and social interaction. Options A, B, and D do not capture the essence of this concept.

Question 2

Megan's behaviour is influenced by her parents' opinions because she values her close relationship with them. According to Charles Horton Cooley, which of the following describes Megan's parents?

Accepted Answer

According to Charles Horton Cooley, significant others are individuals who have a direct impact on an individual's reality and self-concept. Megan's parents are significant others as their opinions and relationship with her affect her behavior.

Question 3

Which theory views socialization as a continuous process of negotiating identities, shaping self-concepts, and including the active role of individuals in their own development?

Accepted Answer

Symbolic interactionism views socialization as a continuous process of negotiating identities, shaping self-concepts, and emphasizing the active role of individuals in their own development. It emphasizes the importance of social interactions and communication in the process of socialization, as individuals learn about themselves and the world around them through their interactions with others.

Question 4

What is socialization?

Accepted Answer

Socialization is the process of learning social norms, values, and expectations through social interaction with others, such as family members, peers, and other members of society. It is how individuals acquire the skills necessary to function and adapt to their society.

Question 5

What did Cooley mean by the looking-glass self?

Accepted Answer

Cooley's looking-glass self refers to the idea that people's self-conceptions are constructed through the perception and interpretation of how others see them. In other words, people's self-esteem and self-concept are shaped by how they imagine that others view them. This process involves imagining how others perceive us, evaluating the reactions of others to us, and ultimately integrating these perceptions into our self-concept.

Question 6

A young child is repeatedly given negative messages about clumsiness and stupidity, and the parents even express regret that the child was born. Subsequently, this child develops a negative self-concept congruent with these parental messages. What sociological concept best captures this process?

Accepted Answer

The looking-glass self refers to the process by which individuals develop a self-concept based on the feedback they receive from their social environment, especially from significant others such as parents. In this case, the child has received negative messages and feedback from their parents, which has influenced their self-concept to become negative and congruent with the messages they received. The other options (B) primary socialization, (C) family violence, and (D) secondary socialization are not as directly related to this particular process of developing a negative self-concept based on parental messages.

Question 7

According to Charles Horton Cooley, from whom do we receive the first images of the self?

Accepted Answer

According to Cooley's concept of the Looking Glass Self, we receive our first images of the self from our significant others - individuals who have a significant impact on our sense of identity and self-worth. These significant others include parents, siblings, close friends, and romantic partners, who reflect back to us our own behavior and reactions to our behavior, shaping our self-image.

Question 8

Which of the following are common outcomes for children raised in isolation?

Accepted Answer

Children raised in isolation often have slower mental and social development due to lack of stimulation and interaction with others. While some may adapt with exceptional skills, it is not a common outcome. Hearing and visual impairments may occur in some cases, but this is not a universal outcome. Normal social development is not a common outcome for children raised in isolation.

Question 9

Sarah recently met Todd. She thinks that Todd finds her funny and subsequently concludes that Todd is attracted to women with a sense of humour. Sarah's perception makes her feel good about herself and consequently more confident when she is around Todd. What sociological concept best captures this process?

Accepted Answer

The looking-glass self is the sociological concept that best captures this process. It refers to the idea that people develop their self-concept based on how they think others perceive them. Sarah's perception that Todd finds her funny has made her feel good about herself and increased her confidence, thus shaping her self-concept.

Question 10

Which of the following is Charles Horton Cooley's metaphor for social self, as it is interpreted from the behaviours of others?

Accepted Answer

Cooley's metaphor for social self is that it is like a mirror or looking-glass image of ourselves, as it is shaped by how we perceive others perceiving us.

Question 11

Thirteen year old "Genie" was raised in isolation by neglectful parents. What did "Genie's" experience teach sociologists about child raised in isolation?

Accepted Answer

"Genie's" experience taught sociologists that progress is possible, but a child can never fully recover from that experience. Despite receiving intensive therapy and education, "Genie" still experienced significant social, emotional, and cognitive challenges throughout her life. However, her case did lead to important insights into the critical period for language acquisition and the effects of social isolation on child development.

Question 12

A child is born into a family, where for the first several years of life the child is influenced by parents and siblings in close, intimate, and caring relationships. What term do sociologists have for this type of socialization?

Accepted Answer

Primary socialization refers to the initial socialization a child receives during the early years of life, typically from parents and other family members. Resocialization refers to the process of learning new norms, values, and behaviors that occur when someone enters a new environment that requires a different set of cultural expectations. Kin influence is a concept that recognizes the impact of family members on an individual's attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors, but it is not a term used specifically to describe early childhood socialization. Secondary socialization refers to the learning that occurs outside of the family unit, often in institutional settings like school or work.

Question 13

A social worker removes a three-year-old child from a home where the parents kept the infant in a crib covered with chicken wire. The child grunts, acts fearful, and has no language. Sociologically speaking, the child's lack of social skills supports which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The child's lack of social skills supports the nurture side of the nature/nurture debate, as it highlights the importance of social environment and interaction in the development of language and social abilities.

Question 14

Which theory defines the perspectives of Charles Horton Cooley and George Herbert Mead?

Accepted Answer

Both Charles Horton Cooley and George Herbert Mead are associated with the interactionist perspective in sociology, which focuses on how meanings and social structures are created through social interaction between individuals. They both emphasized the importance of the self-concept and how it is formed through social interactions with others.

Question 15

Who was the first scholar to emphasize the importance of social interaction in the development of the self?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who was the first scholar to emphasize...

Question 16

Which of the following terms refers to the debate over social and biological influences on socialization?

Accepted Answer

The debate over social and biological influences on socialization is commonly referred to as the nature versus nurture debate. This debate centers on the question of whether genetic or environmental factors have a greater role in determining human behavior and development.

Question 17

Who coined the concept of the looking-glass self?

Accepted Answer

The concept of the looking-glass self was coined by American sociologist Charles Horton Cooley.

Question 18

What stages did George Herbert Mead propose that people go through as they are socialized?

Accepted Answer

Mead proposed that people go through three stages of socialization: the imitative stage (in which children simply imitate those around them), the play stage (in which children take on various roles and learn to see things from the perspective of others), and the game stage (in which children learn to understand and follow rules and understand their place within a larger social structure). These stages are often referred to as Mead's theory of the "self" and are an important framework for understanding how individuals become socialized.

Question 19

According to the text, which of the following explains why people typically face forward in an elevator?

Accepted Answer

The text suggests that people don't face backward in elevators due to social norms that regulate elevator behavior.

Question 20

A young child has acquired basic oral communication skills, goes to preschool, is able to form relationships, and understands himself as distinct from his parents, but not related to his preschool friends. What stage of socialization characterizes this description of this child's life?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A young child has acquired basic oral...

Quiz 3: Socialization