Question 1

The cognitive-affective component of body image includes

Accepted Answer

The cognitive-affective component of body image refers to how an individual evaluates their own appearance and the importance of weight and shape for their self-esteem. This includes feelings of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with one's body. Body checking and avoidance behaviors are part of the behavioral component of body image, while the way individuals mentally represent their bodies is part of the perceptual component. Compulsive comparison with others is also a behavioral aspect, but not specifically part of the cognitive-affective component.

Question 2

The _____ component of body image includes body checking, such as frequent weighing or measuring of body parts.

Accepted Answer

The behavioral component of body image refers to the actions and behaviors associated with one's body, such as body checking and avoidance of certain social situations. The other options (pharmacological, cognitive-affective, perceptual) do not pertain to these specific actions.

Question 3

A condition of recurrent eating of inedible substances such as paint, string, hair, animal droppings, or paper is called

Accepted Answer

Pica is a condition characterized by the recurrent eating of inedible substances. Rumination refers to the regurgitation and re-chewing of food. Bulimia is an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging behaviors. Encopresis refers to the repeated passage of feces in inappropriate places.

Question 4

Don has intellectual deficits and has an IQ of 40. He often eats papers and strings kept on his father's desk. He was also seen eating paint when the fences of the garden were getting painted. This indicates that Don is exhibiting symptoms of

Accepted Answer

Don is exhibiting symptoms of pica, which is characterized by the consumption of non-food items. This behavior is often associated with intellectual deficits and developmental disorders. Don's behavior of eating papers, strings, and paint are all indicative of pica. Rumination disorder involves the regurgitation of food, and bulimia involves binge eating followed by purging behavior. ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, which are not evident in Don's behavior.

Question 5

Annie, who is five years old, has lost a substantial amount of weight because she refuses to eat. She refuses food as a result of a choking experience. Which of the following childhood eating disorders might Annie be diagnosed with?

Accepted Answer

Annie is exhibiting symptoms of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), which is characterized by a persistent refusal to eat or limited intake of food leading to significant weight loss or nutritional deficiency. The disorder may be caused by a traumatic experience like choking, and the child may avoid certain foods, textures, or colors due to fear of negative consequences. Pica involves eating non-food items, rumination disorder involves regurgitation of food, and anorexia nervosa involves an intense fear of gaining weight and distorted body image.

Question 6

In which disorder does the child regurgitate food after it has been swallowed and either spit it out or reswallow it?

Accepted Answer

The child regurgitating food after swallowing it and either spitting it out or reswallowing it is a symptom of rumination disorder. Pica involves eating non-food items, bulimia involves binge eating followed by purging, and encopresis is the involuntary passage of feces.

Question 7

Leslie is a nine-year-old girl. Once she has swallowed her food, Leslie brings the food up to her mouth and chews it again. She does this frequently and it has resulted in a lack of appetite. Leslie has also lost all interest in food. She would most likely be diagnosed withpica.

Accepted Answer

The behavior described is consistent with the symptoms of rumination disorder, which is characterized by regurgitation and re-chewing of food, followed by either re-swallowing or spitting out the food. Pica involves persistent eating of non-food items, such as dirt or paper, and is not applicable to this scenario. Feeding disorder of infancy or early childhood usually refers to difficulties in feeding in children under the age of six, and ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms such as hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention.

Question 8

Which of the following is an elimination disorder?

Accepted Answer

Encopresis is an elimination disorder that involves involuntary or intentional fecal soiling in children who have already reached the age where bowel control is expected. Dyslexia and aphasia are learning and language disorders, respectively, and anorexia is an eating disorder.

Question 9

_____ is an elimination disorder in which the child is incontinent of urine and urinates in clothes or in bed after the age when the child is expected to be continent.

Accepted Answer

Enuresis fits the description of an elimination disorder in which a child is unable to control their bladder after the expected age of continence. Rumination disorder involves the regurgitation and re-chewing of food, Stereotypic movement disorder involves repetitive and purposeless movements, and Encopresis involves fecal incontinence.

Question 10

A urine alarm is the best intervention for

Accepted Answer

A urine alarm is specifically designed to treat enuresis, also known as bedwetting. It works by alerting the individual (or their caregiver) when they begin to urinate, which can help them learn to recognize and awaken to the sensation of a full bladder. It is not an appropriate intervention for rumination disorder, stereotypic movement disorder, or encopresis.

Question 11

The childhood disorder in which a child, who is at least four years of age, has bowel movements either in his or her clothes or in other inappropriate places is referred to as

Accepted Answer

The childhood disorder described in the question is encopresis. Enuresis is similar, but involves involuntary urination, rather than bowel movements. Rumination disorder involves the regurgitation of food without nausea, retching, or other digestive symptoms. Stereotypic movement disorder involves repetitive, nonfunctional movements such as hand flapping or body rocking.

Question 12

Lydia is unable to get enough sleep. She has difficulty initiating sleep. On an average day, she is able to sleep only for three hours and is awake early in the morning. Moreover, she is also dissatisfied with the quality of her sleep. Which of the following disorders is she most likely suffering from?

Accepted Answer

Lydia is experiencing difficulty initiating sleep and is unable to sleep for a sufficient amount of time, indicating that she most likely has insomnia. The other disorders listed do not match her symptoms.

Question 13

Sharon has vivid and recurrent dreams of a man in a black hood trying to strangle her. These frightening dreams, which have persisted for a few months, really disturb her. Which of the following disorders is Sharon most likely to be suffering from?

Accepted Answer

Sharon's recurring and distressing dreams are indicative of nightmare disorder. This disorder is characterized by repeated nightmares that cause distress or impairment in important areas of functioning. Insomnia refers to difficulty falling or staying asleep, circadian rhythm sleep disorder involves disruption of the normal sleep-wake cycle, and primary hypersomnia is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness.

Question 14

Which of the following is the predominant symptom of insomnia?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep is the predominant symptom of insomnia, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). The other options describe symptoms of other sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea (B), sleep-related rhythmic movement disorder (C), and nightmare disorder (D).

Question 15

Which of the following is the predominant symptom of primary hypersomnolence disorder?

Accepted Answer

Recurrent periods of sleep or lapses into sleep during the day are the predominant symptom of primary hypersomnolence disorder.

Question 16

Which of the following sleep disorders is characterized by misalignment in both sleep and daytime functioning involving disruptions in the normal sleep-wake schedule required by the person's environment, or work or social schedule?

Accepted Answer

Circadian rhythm sleep disorder is characterized by disruptions in the normal sleep-wake schedule required by the person's environment, work, or social schedule. This can cause misalignment in both sleep and daytime functioning. Insomnia refers to difficulty falling or staying asleep, hypersomnolence disorder refers to excessive daytime sleepiness, and nightmare disorder refers to recurrent nightmares that cause distress or impairment.

Question 17

Snoring, snorting, gasping, or pauses in inhaling and exhaling air along with daytime sleepiness and fatigue; lack of sufficient ventilation of the lungs during sleep are the predominant symptoms of

Accepted Answer

The presence of snoring, snorting, gasping or pauses in inhaling and exhaling air are characteristic symptoms of breathing-related sleep disorders, such as Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). Daytime sleepiness and fatigue are also common symptoms. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and hypersomnolence disorder do not typically involve breathing abnormalities as the primary symptom. Insomnia is characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep, not breathing abnormalities.

Question 18

A disorder characterized by angry or irritable mood, argumentative or defiant behavior, and vindictiveness that results in significant family or school problems is known as _____ disorder.

Accepted Answer

The disorder described in the question is oppositional defiant disorder, which is characterized by a recurrent pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, and vindictiveness. Conduct disorder involves violating the rights of others and breaking rules, while hypersomnolence is an excessive daytime sleepiness disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder involves hyperactive and impulsive behaviors, as well as difficulty paying attention.

Question 19

Nick seems to be like a typical teenager. However, of late, he has started arguing a lot with his parents. He deliberately disobeys his parents and teachers. He sometimes gets involved in brawls with children in the neighborhood. If his behavior pattern persists for long, then Nick may be diagnosed with _____ disorder.

Accepted Answer

Nick's pattern of behavior, which includes deliberately disobeying authority figures, arguing, and getting involved in fights, is consistent with the symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder. This disorder is characterized by a persistent pattern of negative, hostile, and defiant behavior towards authority figures, such as parents, teachers, and other adults. Symptoms typically begin during childhood or adolescence and can cause significant impairment in social, academic, and occupational functioning if left untreated.

Question 20

_____ are psychological disorders in which people repeatedly engage in behaviors that are potentially harmful, feeling unable to stop themselves.

Accepted Answer

Impulse-control disorders are characterized by the inability to resist urges or impulses to perform certain behaviors that may be harmful or dangerous. Examples include kleptomania, pyromania, and intermittent explosive disorder. Adjustment disorders are not characterized by repetitive behaviors, but rather by emotional and behavioral reactions to a stressor. Anxiety disorders and cognitive disorders also do not necessarily involve harmful repetitive behaviors.

Quiz 10: Feeding and Eating Disorders; Elimination Disorders; Sleep-Wake Disorders; and Disruptive, Impulse- Control, and Conduct Disorders