Question 1

Which of the following statements regarding lobotomies is false?
A)Their use has increased recently.
B)They often resulted in profound personality changes.
C)They became less common when effective psychiatric drugs were developed.
D)They were often ineffective at treating mental illness.

Accepted Answer

The statement that lobotomies have increased recently is false. Lobotomies were most commonly performed in the mid-20th century and their use has declined significantly since then. Nowadays, lobotomies are rarely performed and are considered a controversial and outdated form of treatment for mental illness.

Question 2

According to the author of your text,the ___ contains the largest concentration of nuclei important to behavior in the brain.
A)thalamus
B)cerebral cortex
C)hypothalamus
D)medulla

Accepted Answer

The author states that the hypothalamus contains the largest concentration of nuclei important to behavior in the brain.

Question 3

The ___ is the largest region in the human brain.
A)pons
B)prefrontal cortex
C)cerebellum
D)thalamus

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex is the largest region in the human brain, comprising about one-third of the cerebral cortex. The cerebellum is the second largest region, the thalamus is a smaller structure located deep in the brain, and the pons is even smaller and located in the brainstem.

Question 4

What does the case study at the beginning of the chapter (Karen)about the lissencephalic brain tell us about the relationship between brain structure and function?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does the case study at the...

Question 5

Identify the primary areas of cortex in each lobe.In general,what do the association areas do?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the primary areas of cortex in...

Question 6

Define the following terms: gyrus,sulcus,white matter,and gray matter.Include appearance and functional importance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the following terms: gyrus,sulcus,white matter,and gray...

Question 7

Damage to the prefrontal cortex is least likely to result in problems with:
A)Decision making
B)Working memory
C)Comprehension of speech
D)Behavioral inhibition

Accepted Answer

Damage to the prefrontal cortex is most commonly associated with problems in executive functions such as decision making, working memory, and behavioral inhibition. However, it is least likely to result in problems with comprehension of speech, as this function is mainly associated with the temporal lobe.

Question 8

Identify the major functions of the frontal lobe.What have we learned about the frontal lobes from the case of Phineas Gage?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the major functions of the frontal...

Question 9

Describe the brain development from embryo to birth.What two features distinguish more complex highly evolved brains from less complex ones?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the brain development from embryo to...

Question 10

Which of the following is the lowest portion of the hindbrain?
A)Cerebellum
B)Pons
C)Medulla
D)Ventricles

Accepted Answer

The lowest portion of the hindbrain is the medulla, which is responsible for controlling autonomic functions like breathing and heart rate. The pons and cerebellum are located above the medulla in the hindbrain, and the ventricles are fluid-filled cavities within the brain, not a specific part of the hindbrain.

Question 11

Why is the corpus callosum severed in some people? What have neuroscientists learned about the functions of the right and left hemispheres from studying individuals whose corpus callosum has been cut?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is the corpus callosum severed in...

Question 12

Because the brain is buoyant in cerebrospinal fluid,the weight of the brain is effectively reduced from about ___ to about ___.
A)1000-1200 grams,250 grams
B)1200-1400 grams,200 grams
C)1500 grams,100 grams
D)1200-1400 grams,100 grams

Accepted Answer

The weight of the brain is reduced from about 1200-1400 grams to about 100 grams due to the buoyancy of cerebrospinal fluid. This option accurately represents the range of the brain's weight and the amount it is reduced by when in cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 13

The most obvious function of the cerebellum is in ___ movements initiated by the ___.
A)inhibiting,substantia nigra
B)refining,basal ganglia
C)refining,motor cortex
D)inhibiting,prefrontal cortex

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is responsible for refining movements initiated by the motor cortex. While the basal ganglia and substantia nigra are involved in movement, they do not primarily inhibit or refine movements. The prefrontal cortex is not directly involved in movement.

Question 14

Which of the following is not a function of the temporal lobes?
A)Processing auditory information
B)Language comprehension
C)Fine motor control
D)Visual identification of objects

Accepted Answer

Fine motor control is not a function of the temporal lobes. It is primarily controlled by the motor cortex in the frontal lobe, the cerebellum, and the basal ganglia.

Question 15

The skeletal muscles are most directly controlled by the ___ nervous system.
A)autonomic
B)somatic
C)sympathetic
D)central

Accepted Answer

The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles. The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary actions of smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands. The sympathetic nervous system activates the "fight or flight" response, while the parasympathetic nervous system promotes relaxation and digestion. However, neither of these systems directly control skeletal muscle movement. The central nervous system refers to the brain and spinal cord, which are involved in coordinating all nervous system activities, including those related to the control of skeletal muscles, but it does not directly control the muscles themselves.

Question 16

In the final stage of neural circuit pruning,the postsynaptic neuron sends "feedback" to the presynaptic neuron in the form of ___.
A)a retrograde neurotransmitter
B)neurotrophins
C)chemicals that enhance the survival of glial cells
D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the final stage of neural circuit...

Question 17

Sensory neurons entering the spinal cord are ___ neurons with their cell bodies clustered in the ___.
A)bipolar,ventral horns
B)unipolar,somatosensory cortex
C)unipolar,dorsal root ganglion
D)multipolar,ventral roots

Accepted Answer

Sensory neurons entering the spinal cord are unipolar neurons with their cell bodies clustered in the dorsal root ganglion.

Question 18

The hypothalamus contains more nuclei than any other structure in the brain.What systems and behaviors does the hypothalamus control?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The hypothalamus contains more nuclei than any...

Question 19

The hypothalamus is located ___ to the thalamus.
A)superior
B)anterior
C)inferior
D)posterior

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus is located inferior to the thalamus, meaning that it is situated below the thalamus in the brain.

Question 20

Regeneration is least likely to occur in the:
A)CNS of a frog
B)PNS of a frog
C)CNS of a mammal
D)PNS of a mammal

Accepted Answer

The CNS (central nervous system) of a mammal, including humans, has limited ability to regenerate after injury. This is due to the nature of the cells in the CNS and the scar tissue that forms after injury. The PNS (peripheral nervous system) in both mammals and frogs has a greater ability to regenerate, with damaged neurons able to regrow along the axon pathways. While some regeneration may occur in the CNS of a frog, it is not as likely as in the PNS.

Quiz 3: The Organization and Functions of the Nervous System

Which of the following statements regarding lobotomies is false?

According to the author of your text,the ___ contains the largest concentration of nuclei important to behavior in the brain.

The ___ is the largest region in the human brain.

What does the case study at the beginning of the chapter (Karen)about the lissencephalic brain tell us about the relationship between brain structure and function?

Identify the primary areas of cortex in each lobe.In general,what do the association areas do?

Define the following terms: gyrus,sulcus,white matter,and gray matter.Include appearance and functional importance.

Damage to the prefrontal cortex is least likely to result in problems with:

Identify the major functions of the frontal lobe.What have we learned about the frontal lobes from the case of Phineas Gage?

Describe the brain development from embryo to birth.What two features distinguish more complex highly evolved brains from less complex ones?

Which of the following is the lowest portion of the hindbrain?

Why is the corpus callosum severed in some people? What have neuroscientists learned about the functions of the right and left hemispheres from studying individuals whose corpus callosum has been cut?

Because the brain is buoyant in cerebrospinal fluid,the weight of the brain is effectively reduced from about _ to about _.

The most obvious function of the cerebellum is in _ movements initiated by the _.

Which of the following is not a function of the temporal lobes?

The skeletal muscles are most directly controlled by the ___ nervous system.

In the final stage of neural circuit pruning,the postsynaptic neuron sends "feedback" to the presynaptic neuron in the form of ___.

Sensory neurons entering the spinal cord are _ neurons with their cell bodies clustered in the _.

The hypothalamus contains more nuclei than any other structure in the brain.What systems and behaviors does the hypothalamus control?

The hypothalamus is located ___ to the thalamus.

Regeneration is least likely to occur in the: