Question 1

At what age should the nurse expect a child to give both first and last names when asked?

Accepted Answer

At 30 months,the child is able to give both first and last names and refer to self with an appropriate pronoun.At 15 and 18 months,the child is too young to give his or her own name.At 24 months,the child is able to give first name and refer to self by that name.

Question 2

The child of 15 to 30 months is likely to be struggling with which developmental task?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy vs shame and doubt is the developmental task of toddlers.Trust vs mistrust is the developmental stage of infancy.Initiative vs guilt is the developmental stage of early childhood.Intimacy and solidarity vs isolation is the developmental stage of early adulthood.

Question 3

Which statement is correct about toilet training?

Accepted Answer

Voluntary control of the anal and urethral sphincters is achieved sometime after the child is walking.The child must be able to recognize the urge to let go and to hold on.The child must want to please parent by holding on rather than pleasing self by letting go.Bowel training precedes bladder training.Watching older siblings provides role modeling and facilitates imitation for the toddler.The child should be introduced to the potty chair or toilet in a nonthreatening manner.

Question 4

Steven,16 months old,falls down a few stairs.He gets up and "scolds" the stairs as if they caused him to fall.This is an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Animism is the attribution of lifelike qualities to inanimate objects.By scolding the stairs,the toddler is attributing human characteristics to them.Ritualism is the need to maintain the sameness and reliability.It provides a sense of comfort to the toddler.Irreversibility is the inability to reverse or undo actions initiated physically.Steven is acting in an age-appropriate manner.

Question 5

Parents tell the nurse that their toddler daughter eats little at mealtime,only sits at the table with the family briefly,and wants snacks "all the time." Which intervention should the nurse recommend?

Accepted Answer

Most toddlers exhibit a physiologic anorexia in response to the decreased nutritional requirement associated with the slower growth rate.Parents should help the child develop healthy eating habits.The toddler is often unable to sit through a meal.Frequent nutritious snacks are a good way to ensure proper nutrition.To help with developing healthy eating habits,food should be not be used as positive or negative reinforcement for behavior.The child may develop habits of overeating or eat nonnutritious foods in response.

Question 6

Although a 14-month-old girl received a shock from an electric outlet recently,her parent finds her about to place a paper clip in another outlet.Which is the best interpretation of this behavior?

Accepted Answer

During the tertiary circular reactions stage,children have only a rudimentary sense of the classification of objects.The appearance of an object denotes its function for these children.The slot of an outlet is for putting things into.Her cognitive development is appropriate for her age.Trying to put things into an outlet is typical behavior for a toddler.Only some awareness exists of a causal relation between events.

Question 7

Which is descriptive of a toddler's cognitive development at age 20 months?

Accepted Answer

At this age,the child is in the final sensorimotor stage.Children will now search for an object in several potential places,even though they saw only the original hiding place.Children have a more developed sense of objective permanence.They will search for objects even if they have not seen them hidden.When a child puts objects into a container but cannot take them out,this is indicative of tertiary circular reactions.An embryonic sense of time exists,although the children may behave appropriately to time-oriented phrases; their sense of timing is exaggerated.

Question 8

Which technique is best for dealing with the negativism of the toddler?

Accepted Answer

The child should have few opportunities to respond in a negative manner.Questions and requests should provide choices.This allows the child to be in control and reduces opportunities for negativism.The child will continue trying to assert control.The toddler is too young for verbal explanations.The negativism is the child testing limits.These should be clearly defined by structured choices.

Question 9

The psychosocial developmental tasks of toddlerhood include which characteristic?

Accepted Answer

If the need for basic trust has been satisfied,then toddlers can give up dependence for control,independence,and autonomy.One of the tasks that the toddler is concerned with is the ability to delay gratification.Development of a conscience occurs during the preschool years.The recognition of sex differences occurs during the preschool years.The ability to get along with age-mates develops during the preschool and school-age years.

Question 10

A parent asks the nurse about negativism in toddlers.Which is the most appropriate recommendation?

Accepted Answer

The nurse should suggest to the parent that questions be phrased with realistic choices rather than yes or no answers.This provides the toddler with a sense of control and reduces the opportunity for negativism.Negativism is not an indication of stubbornness or insolence and should not be punished.The negativism is not a function of attention; the child is testing limits to gain an understanding of the world.The toddler is too young to be asked to not always say "no."

Question 11

A parent of an 18-month-old boy tells the nurse that he says "no" to everything and has rapid mood swings.If he is scolded,he shows anger and then immediately wants to be held.The nurse's best interpretation of this behavior is included in which statement?

Accepted Answer

Toddlers use distinct behaviors in the quest for autonomy.They express their will with continued negativity and the use of the word "no." Children at this age also have rapid mood swings.The nurse should reassure the parents that their child is engaged in expected behavior for an 18-month-old.Having a rapid mood swing is an expected behavior for a toddler.

Question 12

The parents of a newborn say that their toddler "hates the baby; he suggested that we put him in the trash can so the trash truck could take him away." Which is the nurse's best reply?

Accepted Answer

The arrival of a new infant represents a crisis for even the best-prepared toddler.Toddlers have their entire schedule and routines disrupted because of the new family member.The nurse should work with parents on ways to involve the toddler in the newborn's care and to help focus attention on the toddler.The toddler does not hate the infant.This is an expected response to the changes in routines and attention that affect the toddler.The toddler can be provided with a doll to tend to the doll's needs at the same time the parent is performing similar care for the newborn.

Question 13

Two toddlers are playing in a sandbox when one child suddenly grabs a toy from the other child.Which is the best interpretation of this behavior?

Accepted Answer

Play develops from the solitary play of infancy to the parallel play of toddlers.The toddler plays alongside other children,not with them.This typical behavior of the toddler is not intentionally aggressive.Shared play is not within their cognitive development.Toddlers do not conceptualize shared play.Because the toddler cannot view the situation from the perspective of the other child,it is okay to take the toy.Therefore,no right or wrong is associated with taking a toy.

Question 14

Which factor is most important in predisposing toddlers to frequent infections?

Accepted Answer

Toddlers continue to have the short,straight internal ear canal of infants.The lymphoid tissue of the tonsils and adenoids continues to be relatively large.These two anatomic conditions combine to predispose the toddler to frequent infections.The abdominal respirations and lowered pulse and respiratory rate of toddlers do not affect their susceptibility to infection.The defense mechanisms are more efficient compared with those of infancy.

Question 15

In the clinic waiting room,a nurse observes a parent showing an 18-month-old child how to make a tower out of blocks.The nurse should recognize in this situation that:

Accepted Answer

Building with blocks is a good parent-child interaction.The 18-month-old child is capable of building a tower of three or four blocks.The ability to build towers of blocks usually begins at age 15 months.With ongoing development,the child is able to build taller towers.The 18-month-old child imitates others around him or her.

Question 16

Which should the nurse expect for a toddler's language development at age 18 months?

Accepted Answer

During the second year of life,level of comprehension and understanding of speech increases and is far greater than the child's vocabulary.This is also true for bilingual children,who are able to achieve this linguistic milestone in both languages.The 18-month-old child has a vocabulary of 10 or more words.At this age,the child does not use the one-word sentences that are characteristic of the 1-year-old child.The child has a limited vocabulary of single words that are comprehensible.

Question 17

The parents of a 2-year-old tell the nurse that they are concerned because the toddler has started to use "baby talk" since the arrival of their new baby.The nurse should recommend which intervention?

Accepted Answer

The baby talk is a sign of regression in the toddler.It should be ignored,while praising the child for developmentally appropriate behaviors.Regression is children's way of expressing stress.The parents should not introduce new expectations and allow the child to master the developmental tasks without criticism.

Question 18

A toddler's parent asks the nurse for suggestions on dealing with temper tantrums.Which is the most appropriate recommendation?

Accepted Answer

The parent should be told that the best way to deal with temper tantrums is to ignore the behaviors,provided that the actions are not dangerous to the child.Tantrums are common in toddlers as the child becomes more independent and overwhelmed by increasingly complex tasks.The parents and caregivers need to have consistent and developmentally appropriate expectations.Punishment and explanations will not be beneficial.The parent's presence is necessary both for safety and to provide a feeling of control and security to the child when the tantrum is over.

Question 19

Which characteristic best describes the gross motor skills of a 24-month-old child?

Accepted Answer

The 24-month-old child can go up and down stairs alone with two feet on each step and runs with a wide stance.Skipping and hopping on one foot are achieved by 4-year-old children.Jumping with both feet and standing on one foot momentarily are achieved by 30-month-old children.Tricycle riding and broad jumping are achieved at age 3.

Question 20

A nurse is planning care for a 17-month-old child.According to Piaget,which stage should the nurse expect the child to be in cognitively?

Accepted Answer

The 17-month-old child is in the fifth stage of the sensorimotor phase,tertiary circular reactions.The child uses active experimentation to achieve previously unattainable goals.Trust is Erikson's first stage.Preoperational is the stage of cognitive development usually present in older toddlers and preschoolers.Secondary circular reactions last from about ages 4 to 8 months.

Quiz 12: Health Promotion of the Toddler and Family