Question 1

According to van Mechelen's model there are four steps to injury prevention, which include:

Accepted Answer

Van Mechelen's model of injury prevention starts with establishing the extent of the sports injury problem, then moves to identifying the risk factors and mechanisms, before introducing preventive measures, and finally assessing the effectiveness of these measures over time.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a modifiable risk factor for sports injury?

Accepted Answer

Physical fitness is a modifiable risk factor for sports injury because it can be improved through training and conditioning programs. Age, sex, and previous injury history are non-modifiable risk factors that cannot be changed.

Question 3

A child's vulnerability to sports injury is heightened by their immature reflexes, an inability to recognize and evaluate risks, underdeveloped coordination, susceptible growth plates, the non-linear nature of growth, their limited thermoregulatory systems, and

Accepted Answer

Children's vulnerability to sports injuries is significantly influenced by the vast variability in biological maturity status among children of the same age, which affects their physical capabilities and injury risk.

Question 4

Forearm fractures are the most common fractures in children, representing 40 to 50% of all childhood fractures. 75-84% of forearm fractures occur:

Accepted Answer

The majority of forearm fractures occur in the distal 1/3rd of either the radius or ulna. Therefore, the best choice is C.

Question 5

Hawkins and Metheny (2001) estimated that after a 4 cm increase in lower limb length a child would need to develop ________ more force to produce the same lower leg angular acceleration during a kicking movement as pre growth spurt.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hawkins and Metheny (2001) estimated that after...

Question 6

Tendinopathies and incidence of tendon rupture have a propensity to increase with age. Which of the following statements regarding the aging tendon are true?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Tendinopathies and incidence of tendon rupture have...

Question 7

Female athletes are at greater risk for what injuries?

Accepted Answer

Female athletes are at greater risk for fatigue fractures due to a higher prevalence of low energy availability, menstrual dysfunction, and reduced bone density. They are also at greater risk for ACL injuries due to hormonal and biomechanical factors. Options A, C, and D are not specific to female athletes.

Question 8

There is strong evidence that previous injury, especially when followed by inadequate rehabilitation, places an athlete at increased risk for re-injury. What are three of the most common recurrent injuries in athletes?

Accepted Answer

Lateral ankle sprains, muscle strains, and concussions are among the most common recurrent injuries in athletes due to the high stress and impact these areas endure during athletic activities.

Question 9

The period associated with greatest risk of recurrent concussion within the same season was ____ _____ ______ after initial injury.

Accepted Answer

The period associated with greatest risk of recurrent concussion within the same season was 7-10 days after initial injury. This is why it is important for athletes to be carefully monitored during this period and not be allowed to return to play too soon.

Question 10

This elbow injury is caused by repetitive mictotrauma to the insertion of the extensor muscles?

Accepted Answer

Tennis elbow, also known as lateral epicondylitis, is caused by repetitive microtrauma to the insertion of the extensor muscles on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. This can result in pain and tenderness on the outer part of the elbow. Medial epicondylitis (A) or golfer's elbow is caused by repetitive microtrauma to the flexor muscles on the medial epicondyle of the humerus. Little league elbow (C) is a condition seen in young pitchers due to repetitive throwing and stress on the elbow joint.

Question 11

Impingement syndrome is a common overuse injury of the shoulder. There are several mechanisms that may lead to this condition including:

Accepted Answer

Weakness and poor coordinated scapular stabilizers such as Serratus anterior, Rhomboids (major/minor) and Pectoralis minor can lead to impingement syndrome. Swimming can also contribute to the condition, but it is not a mechanism that leads to it. Reduction in scapular retraction and downward rotation of the glenoid cavity can result from impingement syndrome, but it is not a cause. Only choice D correctly identifies the mechanism that can contribute to the condition.

Question 12

When looking at human interaction with sports surfaces what is the term used when force is generated by interlocking of the contacting objects, such as spikes penetrating a Tartan track?

Accepted Answer

The term used when force is generated by interlocking of the contacting objects is called traction. This occurs when the spikes of a shoe penetrate the surface of a track, creating traction or grip for the athlete. Force, friction, and pressure may also be involved in the interaction between the athlete and the sports surface, but traction specifically refers to the interlocking of the contacting objects.

Question 13

What characteristic of sports surfaces relates to the viscoelastic behaviour of most surfaces for sport and exercise, where the viscous stresses are dissipated as heat, not returned to the striking object?

Accepted Answer

Resilience in sports surfaces refers to their ability to absorb energy from impacts (such as footsteps or ball bounces) and then release some of that energy back. However, in the context of viscoelastic behavior, not all of the absorbed energy is returned to the striking object; some of it is dissipated as heat. This characteristic is directly related to the surface's resilience, as it describes how effectively a surface can return energy to the object, with the understanding that viscoelastic materials inherently lose some energy as heat rather than returning it all.

Question 14

In most sporting environments, protective equipment is required to protect the athlete from impacts. What are the two types of sporting impacts that require protective equipment?

Accepted Answer

The two types of sporting impacts that require protective equipment are the high speed, low mass impact caused by direct contact from a ball or puck (option A), as well as the low speed, high mass impact caused by collisions with other players or with the ground (option B). Therefore, both option A and B are correct, and the best answer is D, indicating that both options are correct. Option C is too vague and does not adequately answer the question.

Question 15

A highly resilient material quickly retains its original shape after an impact whereas a less resilient material may take some time to return to its initial configuration. Thus, highly resilient materials tend to be used to protect areas of the body that may be subject to repeated impacts during an activity. Which of the following types of protective equipment is usually constructed of a highly resilient material?

Accepted Answer

Shin pads are usually constructed of highly resilient material as they need to quickly retain their shape after an impact to protect the shins from repeated hits during activities such as soccer or field hockey. Cycling helmets may also have some degree of resilience, but they are designed primarily to absorb and distribute the force of an impact rather than to retain their shape. Scrum caps and shock tops are not typically constructed of highly resilient materials.

Question 16

What is the main difference between the batting helmet and the cycling helmet?

Accepted Answer

All the options listed describe differences between cycling helmets and batting helmets, including materials used, shell thickness, and liner construction.

Question 17

Wrist guards are designed to supplement wrist strength by using a rigid volar plate, which reduces the impact force transmission by local load sharing and energy shunting and also increases the bending stiffness so as to reduce the likelihood of bending failure (Verdejo and Mills, 2004) What is the unintended consequence of this mechanism of protection?

Accepted Answer

The unintended consequence of using wrist guards with a rigid volar plate is that energy shunting may be localised to the proximal forearm region, and there may be protection of the scaphoid but an increased likelihood of radius fracture.

Question 18

The vertical force component for heel-toe running has two peaks; the first occurs between ____________ after initial ground contact and is referred to as the 'vertical impact force peak'.

Accepted Answer

The first peak in the vertical force component during heel-toe running, known as the 'vertical impact force peak', occurs between 5 and 30 milliseconds after initial ground contact. This peak is associated with the initial impact of the heel striking the ground.

Question 19

What is the most common complaint by runners?

Accepted Answer

Knee pain is the most common complaint by runners, as the repetitive impact can cause strain and injury to the knee joint.

Question 20

Shoe design changes can influence moment arms (as in Figure 3.18 in the text) between the forces acting on the shoe and the joints of the body, and can change the way in which external forces affect internal forces. Which of the following shoe characteristics has the greatest impact on the moment about the subtalar joint?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Shoe design changes can influence moment arms...

Quiz 3: Risk Factors for Sports Injury