Question 1

Which of the following safety features can significantly decrease radiation exposure?

Accepted Answer

Safety features in use, such as high-speed film, filtration, long cone rectangular collimation, lead aprons, and thyroid collars, significantly decrease radiation exposure. Safety features also include long (not short) cone rectangular collimation and also thyroid collars. Film should be high-speed not slow-speed. There is no need to shield the talus (ankle) bone but it is important to shield the thyroid.

Question 2

Perimylolysis is rare in pregnancy but may occur if:

Accepted Answer

Acid erosion of the dentition is rare in pregnancy but may occur if a woman vomits repeatedly from severe morning sickness. Ingesting calcium or prenatal vitamins does not promote acid erosion of the dentition. Preeclampsia would not cause acid erosion of the dentition. A woman carrying twins is at no more risk than a mother carrying a single baby of developing acid erosion of the dentition.

Question 3

Osteoporosis includes significant loss of bone mass and may be detected:

Accepted Answer

Often osteoporosis may not be detected until a fracture occurs. By this time, significant loss of bone mass has placed the client at risk for future fractures, despite the fact that the original fracture will heal. Fast and painless tests can diagnose osteoporosis in its early stages: dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA or DXA), quantitative computed tomography (QCT), and radiographic absorptiometry (RA). Other than a previous history of a fracture or osteoporosis, the client history does not provide enough information for diagnosis. Osteoporosis cannot be detected during a physical examination. Ovulation induction does not diagnose osteoporosis.

Question 4

A woman is in her third trimester and is positioned toward a right-handed clinician so that the mandibular linguals may be seen with direct vision. Suddenly, the client begins sweating and reports feeling weak and nauseated. The clinician takes her blood pressure and finds that it is very low. What could be happening and what should the clinician do?

Accepted Answer

In a semireclined or supine position, the enlarged uterus compresses the inferior vena cava. This interferes with venous return, causing postural hypotension, also known as supine hypotensive syndrome. Symptoms may include an abrupt fall in blood pressure, bradycardia, sweating, nausea, weakness, and air hunger, which may cause a decrease in cardiac output, and, if prolonged, eventual loss of consciousness. Placing the pregnant woman on her left side and in a semisupine position while she receives dental hygiene care removes pressure on the vena cava, which allows blood to return from the lower extremities and pelvic area. The patient should be placed on her left side to reduce the pressure on the inferior vena cava. The patient's head should be lowered not elevated. Although hypotensive syndrome is also the correct answer for what is occurring, the patient's head should be lowered not elevated.

Question 5

Menopause may begin 10 years before the cessation of the menses and may continue for 10 years after. _____ consists of the years preceding menopause, while _____ consists of the years after menopause.

Accepted Answer

Menopause begins 10 years before the cessation of menses (menstruation) and continues for about 10 years after. Perimenopause consists of the years immediately preceding menopause; postmenopause consists of the years after menopause. Pregnancy and puberty occur earlier in a woman's life compared with perimenopause and postmenopause. Puberty in a woman's life occurs much earlier than perimenopause and postmenopause.

Question 6

Few anxiolytics are safe during pregnancy; however, a single exposure to N₂O-O₂ analgesia for no more than 30 minutes is considered to be safe.

Accepted Answer

Both statements are True. Few anxiolytics are safe during pregnancy; however, a single exposure to N₂O-O₂ analgesia for no more than 30 minutes is considered to be safe.

Question 7

Pyogenic granulomas are hard and typically found on the attached gingiv a. These are most often on the lingual aspect of the mandibular posterior gingiva and bone destruction is common.

Accepted Answer

Both statements are False. Pregnancy granulomas (also called pyogenic granulomas) are single, tumorlike, soft-tissue growths, typically on the interdental papilla, most often on the labial aspect of the maxillary anterior gingiva; however, bone destruction is rare. The first statement is False. Pyogenic granulomas are soft, not hard and are most often found on the interdental papilla not the attached gingiva. The second statement is False. They occur on the labial aspect of the maxillary anterior gingiva and bone destruction is rare.

Question 8

A few oral changes that may be observed in climacteric women include:

Accepted Answer

Thinning of the oral epithelial lining and decreased keratinization; oral discomfort, such as burning sensations of the tongue (glossodynia); altered taste perception (salty, peppery, sour); xerostomia; and alveolar bone loss associated with osteoporosis are some of the oral changes observed in climacteric women. Hypersalivation occurs less during menopause than hyposalivation, which may develop into xerostomia. Alveolar bone growth is less likely to occur during menopause compared with alveolar bone loss. Increased taste perception and hypersalivation are less likely to occur during menopause compared with altered taste perception and hyposalivation.

Question 9

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is the use of:

Accepted Answer

HRT is the taking of the female hormone estrogen or progesterone, or occasionally testosterone, to control the symptomatic effects of menopause. HRT would not be given to children to decrease the changes associated with puberty. Bisphosphonates are not used to decrease the symptoms of menopause but are used in menopausal women who have increased resorption of bone. HRT would not be given to increase negative effects but to decrease the negative effects.

Question 10

Who is affected by gender bias?

Accepted Answer

Gender bias, preference given to members of one gender over another, is evident in the history of medicine and healthcare. History shows that gender bias has been an issue and research shows it still continues today. Men or women can be affected depending on the issue. Men or women can be affected depending on the issue.

Question 11

Women and men experience similar signs of having a heart attack; therefore, it is important to be able to recognize these symptoms and get the proper help for your patient.

Accepted Answer

Women may not exhibit the typical signs of a heart attack. In a woman, a heart attack may be signaled by indigestion, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, breathlessness, back pain, or deep throbbing in the left or right biceps or forearm, rather than the chest pain typically observed in men experiencing a cardiac arrest. Women and men may exhibit different signs of having a heart attack. It is always important to know these different signs to get the proper help for the man or woman involved.

Question 12

Bacteria can metabolize _____ or _____ as a nutrient, causing pregnancy to favor the colonization of anaerobic bacteria in the gingival sulcus.

Accepted Answer

Bacteria can metabolize estrogen or progesterone as a nutrient.

Question 13

BMS is clearly understood and once the diagnostic symptoms have been recognized it is easy to treat.

Accepted Answer

BMS remains an enigmatic disease, and there is insufficient evidence to demonstrate the effectiveness of any treatment.

Question 14

When does the endogenous sex steroid hormone gingival disease occur?

Accepted Answer

Endogenous sex steroid hormone gingival disease, which includes puberty-associated gingivitis and menstrual cycle gingivitis, may occur as estrogen and progesterone levels rise. Since this occurs mainly during puberty or premenstrually, it would be rare for this to occur in infants and children.

Question 15

Pregnant dental personnel should receive no greater than _____ rem during the gestation period.

Accepted Answer

Pregnant dental personnel should receive no more than 0.5 rem during the gestation period.

Question 16

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) includes:

Accepted Answer

(1) Pain in the mouth that is present daily and persists for most of the day; (2) oral mucosa is of normal appearance; and (3) local and systemic diseases have been excluded. Oral mucosa appears normal, and not erythematic and fibrous in a patient diagnosed with BMS. Local and systemic disease are not involved with BMS. Pain in the mouth will be present most of the day and will not be determined according to foods that are eaten.

Question 17

Menopause and postmenopausal oral changes may include all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

Pyogenic granulomas are more likely to occur in women of childbearing age. Xerostomia is one of the oral symptoms of menopause and postmenopausal changes. BMS is one of the oral symptoms of menopause and postmenopausal changes. Dysgeusia is one of the oral symptoms of menopause and postmenopausal changes.

Question 18

Which of the following would not exacerbate gingival inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Excellent oral hygiene includes biofilm management, which would decrease oral biofilm, therefore decreasing potential gingival inflammation. Anticonvulsants along with pubertal hormone changes and ovulation induction can cause gingival inflammation. Pubertal hormone changes along with anticonvulsants and ovulation induction can cause gingival inflammation. The researchers concluded that ovulation induction exacerbates gingival inflammation, gingival bleeding, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume and that the duration of the use of these drugs is strongly associated with severity of gingival inflammation.

Question 19

Fetal alcohol-syndrome (FAS) may damage the infant's central nervous system causing characteristics, such as:

Accepted Answer

Characteristics of persons with FAS include short palpebral fissures, a flat midface, an indistinct philtrum, and a thin upper lip. Other less-frequent characteristics may include an epicanthal fold, a low nasal bridge, a short nose, ear anomalies, and microdontia. Characteristics of persons with FAS would not include a distinct philtrum or a thick upper lip. Characteristics of persons with FAS would not include long palpebral fissures or a pronounced midface.

Question 20

Teratogens are harmful environmental risk factors that may include various drugs, _____, infections, and/or radiation.

Accepted Answer

During the first trimester of pregnancy (period of organogenesis, when vital organs form), the fetus is most susceptible to teratogens. These harmful environmental risk factors include various drugs, chemicals, infections, and/or radiation. Vitamins in normal doses are not teratogens. Highly spiced foods are not teratogens although they may cause dyspepsia (indigestion). Allergens are not known to be teratogenic.

Quiz 54: Womens Health and the Health of Their Children