Question 1

Many older adults suffer from conditions such as colonic diverticula, hiatal hernia, and ulcerations that can cause occult bleeding. Older adults with these conditions should be observed for

Accepted Answer

Blood loss is a major cause of iron deficiency in adults. The major sources of chronic blood loss are from the GI and genitourinary systems.

Question 2

The nurse is administering a blood transfusion to an older adult for hypovolemic shock. During the transfusion, which nursing intervention would be the most important?

Accepted Answer

Administer blood products with caution because older adults are at increased risk of developing congestive heart failure. Careful assessment of cardiopulmonary function and intake and output is essential.

Question 3

If a patient is diagnosed with anemia, how are the tissues and cells affected?

Accepted Answer

Anemia is a disorder characterized by levels of RBCs, hemoglobin, and hematocrit that are below normal range. In persons with anemia, insufficient amounts of oxygen are delivered to tissues and cells.

Question 4

The typical medical treatment of polycythemia vera involves

Accepted Answer

Repeated phlebotomy decreases blood viscosity.

Question 5

A patient, age 52, is admitted with thrombocytopenia. The most important nursing intervention to prevent hemorrhage in this patient is to

Accepted Answer

An understanding of the disease process and causative agents is necessary in forming a knowledge base for self-care and prevention of trauma and infection. Instruction on signs and symptoms, as well as preventive measures, must be given.

Question 6

A sudden reduction in blood volume may lead to _________ shock.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A sudden reduction in blood volume may...

Question 7

A patient is admitted with fatigue; discomfort; enlarged, painless cervical lymph nodes; and pruritus. A lymph node biopsy yields a diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease. The nurse is aware that the abnormal cells noted by the pathologist in Hodgkin's disease are called

Accepted Answer

The presence of Reed-Sternberg cells remains a hallmark of the presence of Hodgkin's disease.

Question 8

The appropriate nursing intervention to relieve the symptom of pruritus in a patient with Hodgkin's disease would be to

Accepted Answer

Soothing baths with an antipruritic medication (as ordered) can be effective. Warmth and heat increase pruritus.

Question 9

The organ that forms lymphocytes is the __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The organ that forms lymphocytes is the...

Question 10

Hematological diseases are often associated with skin impairment. Petechiae and ecchymoses are seen in

Accepted Answer

In hemophilia A, the more common type which represents 85% of the total incidence, antihemophilic factor VIII is absent. This factor is essential for conversion of prothrombin to thrombin through thromboplastin component.

Question 11

Donors who are less likely to be adequate bone marrow transplant would include: (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Specimens from twins, siblings, or self (autologous) while in remission are preferred.

Question 12

Which should the nurse implement as the most important measure in preventing transmission of harmful pathogens to patients with depressed bone marrow function?

Accepted Answer

Meticulous handwashing by medical and nursing personnel and strict asepsis are mandatory.

Question 13

The nurse is caring for a 34-year-old obstetric patient who has disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The nurse is aware that DIC is

Accepted Answer

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a grave coagulopathy condition resulting from the overstimulation of clotting and anticlotting processes in response to disease or injury.

Question 14

Patients with pernicious anemia must receive injections of which medication for the rest of their lives?

Accepted Answer

The standard treatment includes initiating vitamin B₁₂ replacement therapy. Without vitamin B₁₂ administration, these individuals will die in 1 to 3 years. Treatment is 1,000 units of vitamin B₁₂ administered intramuscularly daily for weeks, then weekly for 1 month, and finally monthly for life.

Question 15

The spleen is a highly vascularized organ located in the left upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity. The main functions of the spleen are (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

The spleen stores 1 pint of blood, which can be released during emergencies, such as hemorrhage, in less than 60 seconds. The main functions of the spleen are (1) to serve as a reservoir for blood; (2) to form lymphocytes, monocytes, and plasma cells; (3) to destroy worn-out RBCs; (4) to remove bacteria by phagocytosis (engulfing and digesting); and (5) to produce RBCs before birth (the spleen is believed to produce RBCs after birth only in cases of extreme hemolytic anemia).

Question 16

The average life span of an erythrocyte is

Accepted Answer

The life span of an RBC is 129 days. A WBC's life span is days to several years. Platelets live 5 to 9 days.

Question 17

The patient, age 44, has polycythemia vera. The nurse recognizes that the primary pathophysiologic feature of this disorder is

Accepted Answer

Polycythemia vera is characterized by erythrocytosis (an abnormal increase in the number of circulating red blood cells) and also increased production of granulocytes and platelets.

Question 18

MATCHING
Match the medication below with its action.

-Replaces iron stores needed for RBC development

Accepted Answer

Ferrous sulfate replaces iron stores needed for red blood cell development. Option A (Folic acid) is used for cell growth and division, Option C (Vitamin B12) is used for neurological function and DNA synthesis, and Option D (Neupogen) is a medication used to stimulate the production of white blood cells.

Question 19

A patient, age 23, is admitted with enlarged lymph nodes, decreased production of RBCs, thrombocytopenia, and a severe increase in his WBC count. A bone-marrow aspiration shows abnormal lymphocytes present. These abnormalities are present in which disease?

Accepted Answer

Bone marrow biopsy shows immature leukocytes. Chest radiographic examination may show mediastinal node and lung involvement and bone changes. Sickle cell anemia, hemophilia, and thrombocytopenia do not usually have elevated WBC count.

Question 20

_____________ are leukocytes which destroy and remove cellular waste, bacteria, and solid particles.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____________ are leukocytes which destroy and remove...

Quiz 7: Care of the Patient With a Blood or Lymphatic Disorder