Question 1

Homosocial play:

Accepted Answer

Homosocial play, where children prefer playmates of the same sex, is a common behavior and is observed in most cultures around the world. It is not necessarily an indication of sexual orientation or age-specific. It is a normal part of social development and allows children to establish same-sex peer groups, which can promote social and emotional development. There is no evidence to suggest that it causes rejection from peers.

Question 2

Cognitive development theory suggests that gender attitudes change predictably as children get older because:

Accepted Answer

Cognitive development theory proposes that children go through stages of development that affect their ability to process information regarding gender roles. As they grow older, they develop more complex and abstract thinking, which allows them to understand and internalize social norms and expectations regarding gender roles. This leads to changes in their attitudes towards gender.

Question 3

In most cultures, men are more likely than women to have all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Women are actually more likely to attempt suicide than men, but are less likely to die by suicide. Men are more likely to die by suicide due to using more lethal methods. A, B, and C are all health issues that men are more likely to experience.

Question 4

What is an umbrella term used in your text to refer to a range of different sexual orientations, gender behaviors, or ideologies?

Accepted Answer

"Genderqueer" is used as an umbrella term in the text to refer to a range of different sexual orientations, gender behaviors or ideologies. It is a term used by individuals who do not identify as either male or female or those who identify as both or something else entirely. The term encompasses non-binary gender identities, genderfluidity, and other gender nonconforming identities.

Question 5

What term is used to describe a transgender individual who is experiencing confusion or discomfort about their biological sex and gender identity?

Accepted Answer

Gender dysphoria is a term used to describe the distress or discomfort someone feels when their biological sex and gender identity do not match. This feeling can lead some transgender individuals to seek medical interventions, such as hormone therapy or surgery, to align their physical appearance with their gender identity.

Question 6

Generally speaking, a transsexual individual with an "XX" sex chromosome pair is likely to feel:

Accepted Answer

A transsexual individual with an "XX" chromosome pair is biologically female but may feel a disconnect between their gender identity and their biological sex, leading them to feel trapped in a female's body.

Question 7

What is most often true for transsexual people who take cross-sex hormones?

Accepted Answer

If transsexual people choose to stop taking cross-sex hormones, some changes will be reversible (such as breast tissue reduction for transgender women) and some will be permanent (such as deepening of voice for transgender men). The degree of reversibility will vary depending on the individual and the length of time they have been taking hormones. Additionally, stopping hormones abruptly can cause hormone imbalances and other serious side effects, so it is important to work with a healthcare provider when making any changes to hormone therapy.

Question 8

Research demonstrates that in the typical elementary school classroom in the U.S.:

Accepted Answer

Multiple studies have found that boys receive more praise and criticism in the classroom, while girls receive less attention overall. This can contribute to boys feeling more confident and taking more risks in the classroom, while girls may feel discouraged and disengaged. These findings are consistent across racial and socioeconomic lines.

Question 9

In today's society which of the following would be most likely to be the primary breadwinner of the family?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In today's society which of the following...

Question 10

What did Williams and Best find in their cross-cultural research related to gender?

Accepted Answer

Williams and Best found in their cross-cultural research that people across different cultures largely agreed on gender role stereotypes, indicating a widespread consensus on the characteristics associated with males and females.

Question 11

Which of the following is true about gender roles in adolescence?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true about...

Question 12

Students in your class are discussing Sandra Bem's theory of androgyny. Which student has the view most similar to more modern researchers' ideas about androgyny?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Students in your class are discussing Sandra...

Question 13

When we say to a little boy, "Hey there tough guy," and we say to a little girl, "Hello sweet little princess," we are interacting based on categories we have deeply engrained related to masculinity and femininity. What theory attributes much of our gender role development to these ways of thinking?

Accepted Answer

Gender schema theory suggests that we learn and develop gender roles based on our internalized schema, or set of beliefs and expectations, about what is appropriate behavior for males and females. These schemas are heavily influenced by the messages and cues we receive from society and the people around us, including the way we are addressed based on our gender. Therefore, the way we interact with and label boys and girls can contribute to the development and reinforcement of gender stereotypes and roles.

Question 14

According to David Gilmore's research related to the evolutionary purpose of masculine and feminine socialization, which statement would be most accurate in societies with plenty of food and the absence of enemies and predators?

Accepted Answer

Gilmore's research suggests that in societies where there is an abundance of resources and little need for protection from enemies or predators, the differences between men and women tend to be less emphasized. This is because gender roles may not be as necessary for survival in such societies. Therefore, it is likely that differences between men and women would not be emphasized in such societies.

Question 15

In the Native American culture, this person was often biologically male, treated as a female in social functions, and highly respected in the society. What is the term used to describe this person?

Accepted Answer

The term used to describe this person is "two-spirit," which originated from Native American cultures. Two-spirit people were often considered to have both male and female spirits within them, and were seen as possessing special abilities and insights. They were highly respected and often held important ceremonial roles within their communities. The other answer options - hijra, xani-th, and kathoey - are terms used to describe third gender or transgender individuals in various other cultures.

Question 16

What statement best describes Sheila Rothman's belief about the context of womanhood?

Accepted Answer

Sheila Rothman's belief is that what it means to be a woman has shifted from one time period to the next. This is evident in her analysis of how the concept of womanhood has been shaped by social, economic, and cultural factors throughout history. Rothman argues that while there are certain traits and characteristics that have been associated with womanhood across time, the meaning of womanhood itself has changed as society has changed.

Question 17

Which surgical procedure based on time, expense, and complications is the more popular option used for female-to-male transitions?

Accepted Answer

Metoidioplasty is often the more popular option for female-to-male transitions as it is less invasive, has a shorter recovery time, and is less expensive compared to phalloplasty. Scrotoplasty is often performed in conjunction with metoidioplasty to create a scrotum. Vaginoplasty would be the surgical option for male-to-female transitions.

Question 18

Sandra Bem would define an androgynous individual as one who:

Accepted Answer

Sandra Bem would define an androgynous individual as one who is high in both masculinity and femininity, as opposed to being solely masculine or feminine.

Question 19

Using the measure of androgyny developed by Sandra Bem in the 1970's, what did current research find related to perceptions of gender traits?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using the measure of androgyny developed by...

Question 20

What do the hijra, kathoey, and xani-th have in common?

Accepted Answer

All three groups (hijra, kathoey, and xani-th) are traditionally considered to be biological males.

Quiz 4: Gender Development, Gender Roles, and Gender Identity