Question 1

The gluconeogenesis pathway in animal cells directly reverses glycolysis to synthesize glucose.

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis shares some enzymes with glycolysis but also uses unique enzymes to bypass the irreversible steps of glycolysis, making it not a direct reversal.

Question 2

Lipids are synthesized from acetyl CoA, which is produced by reversing the citric acid cycle.

Accepted Answer

Lipids are indeed synthesized from acetyl CoA, but this process does not involve reversing the citric acid cycle. Instead, acetyl CoA serves as a building block for fatty acid synthesis through a series of reactions distinct from the citric acid cycle.

Question 3

Amino acids are synthesized from intermediates in glycolysis and in the citric acid cycle.

Accepted Answer

Amino acids can be synthesized from intermediates in glycolysis and in the citric acid cycle through various transamination and deamination reactions, as well as through the incorporation of carbon skeletons from these pathways into new amino acids.

Question 4

Ammonia is incorporated into organic molecules primarily during the synthesis of the amino acids glutamate and glutamine.

Accepted Answer

Ammonia is first converted to glutamate and glutamine through specific enzymes in metabolic pathways, and then these amino acids are used to synthesize other organic molecules.

Question 5

Many bacteria and plants can synthesize all 20 amino acids found in proteins.

Accepted Answer

Many bacteria and plants have the ability to synthesize all 20 amino acids needed for protein synthesis through various metabolic pathways.

Question 6

Polymerization of amino acids to form proteins requires additional energy in the form of ATP and GTP.

Accepted Answer

Polymerization of amino acids into proteins requires energy in the form of ATP and GTP to link the amino acids together through peptide bonds.

Question 7

Nucleic acid synthesis occurs by polymerization of nucleotide monophosphates into DNA or RNA.

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid synthesis occurs by polymerization of nucleotide triphosphates, not monophosphates, into DNA or RNA.

Question 8

DNA synthesis requires the presence of a complementary nucleotide strand, whereas RNA synthesis does not.

Accepted Answer

Both DNA and RNA synthesis require a template strand; however, RNA synthesis can occur using a DNA template during transcription, not necessarily requiring a complementary RNA strand.

Question 9

What is the definition of Gibbs free energy (G)?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the definition of Gibbs free...

Question 10

What is the definition of free-energy change?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the definition of free-energy change?...

Question 11

In anaerobic reactions, pyruvate is converted to either lactate or ethanol. In both of these anaerobic reactions, the cofactor NADH is oxidized to NAD⁺, which then can be used to perform what function?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In anaerobic reactions, pyruvate is converted to...

Question 12

Where in "typical" eukaryotic cells does glycolysis occur? Be specific if the process or event occurs in only one part of an organelle. If you are not sure, give the location of the enzymes that catalyze the process.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Where in "typical" eukaryotic cells does glycolysis...

Question 13

Where in "typical" eukaryotic cells does the citric acid cycle occur? Be specific if the process or event occurs in only one part of an organelle. If you are not sure, give the location of the enzymes that catalyze the process.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Where in "typical" eukaryotic cells does the...

Question 14

Where in "typical" eukaryotic cells does oxidative phosphorylation of ATP occur? Be specific if the process or event occurs in only one part of an organelle. If you are not sure, give the location of the enzymes that catalyze the process.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Where in "typical" eukaryotic cells does oxidative...

Question 15

In which location does cytochrome c carry electrons from complex III to complex IV?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In which location does cytochrome c carry...

Question 16

How does ATP synthesis in oxidative phosphorylation differ from ATP synthesis in glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does ATP synthesis in oxidative phosphorylation...

Question 17

Oxidation of one molecule of NADH leads to the synthesis of how many molecules of ATP?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Oxidation of one molecule of NADH leads...

Question 18

Light is absorbed by photosystems I and II. Based on the known pigments in a chloroplast photocenter, would you expect the isolated chloroplasts to show a single component light absorption spectra?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Light is absorbed by photosystems I and...

Question 19

The ATP synthase in chloroplast thylakoid membranes is oriented in the opposite direction within the membrane to that of the mitochondrial ATP synthase. How can the chloroplast synthase still be functional in ATP production?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ATP synthase in chloroplast thylakoid membranes...

Question 20

What is the role of light with respect to photosystem I (PS I) and NADPH generation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the role of light with...

Quiz 3: Bioenergetics and Metabolism