Question 1

The uniquely German concept of Bildung refers to:

Accepted Answer

Bildung is a German word that refers to the personal and cultural development of an individual through a broad education that includes humanities, social sciences, and arts. It is the idea of shaping one's character and enhancing personal growth through learning and experience, rather than merely acquiring a specific skill or knowledge. It is an integral part of German culture and education system.

Question 2

The products of the German concept of Bildung were the Bildungsburgers. The Bildungsburgers could be thought of as:

Accepted Answer

The German concept of Bildung emphasized cultural education and personal development. The Bildungsburgers were therefore citizens who had undergone this process of cultural education and personal development, and were considered to be culturally educated citizens.

Question 3

One influence of Romanticism on German Universities was that professors were expected to get ahead by:

Accepted Answer

Romanticism valued individual expression, emotion, and revolutionary ideas. Therefore, publishing novel and revolutionary work would align with the values of the movement and be a favorable way for professors to advance their careers. Dining and befriending senior professors and advancing based solely on seniority were more traditional methods of career advancement and would not necessarily align with the values of Romanticism.

Question 4

According to Figure 8.2 that shows a Google Ngram image for the incidence of the word psychology, ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Figure 8.2 that shows a...

Question 5

According to the German sociologist Tonnies, the Bildungsburgers loved ______ and feared/hated _________.

Accepted Answer

Tönnies' concept does not specifically address the Bildungsbürgertum's love or fear/hate towards the options provided (money, education, politics, art, science). His work focused more broadly on social structures and community forms (Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft) rather than specific attitudes of the Bildungsbürgertum towards these subjects.

Question 6

According to the German sociologist Tonnies, the Bildungsburgers loved ____and feared/hated _________.

Accepted Answer

Tönnies' concepts of Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft distinguish between community types; the Bildungsbürgertum, or educated middle class, valued the close-knit, personal relationships of Gemeinschaft (community) and were wary of Gesellschaft (society), which represented impersonal, formal associations.

Question 7

As educated people the German Bildungsburgers did not reject mind and reason as
Such, yet they tended to reject Newtonian science, the reason being:

Accepted Answer

All three options (A, B, and C) are reasons why the Bildungsburgers tended to reject Newtonian science. They believed it was not compatible with their ideals of the Good, True, and Beautiful, that it lacked spirit and refinement, and that it disrupted organic connections in society.

Question 8

Wundt viewed Americans as the emblems of "Gesellschaft", for Wundt the point of life was _____________.

Accepted Answer

Wundt believed that the purpose of life was not happiness but the production of objects of intellectual value, which is more characteristic of the "Gesellschaft" type of society often associated with Americans.

Question 9

Historian Fritz Ringer has drawn an analogy between German intellectuals of the nineteenth century and a similar class of ruling intellectuals, the:

Accepted Answer

Ringer's analogy between German intellectuals of the nineteenth century and a similar class of ruling intellectuals is with the Mandarins of Confucian China. Both groups shared a belief in the authority of the state and the importance of education, as well as a sense of duty to serve society. The Mandarins were a scholar-official class that dominated Chinese government for centuries, with members selected through rigorous educational examinations. Similarly, German intellectuals of the nineteenth century were often educated in the humanities and believed in the idea of a "cultural mission" or responsibility to shape society through their ideas and art.

Question 10

For German Mandarin - Bildungsburgers, ___________ represented Gesellschaft at its worst.

Accepted Answer

The USA represented Gesellschaft at its worst for German Mandarin - Bildungsburgers, reflecting concerns about materialism and social fragmentation.

Question 11

In creating psychology as an independent discipline, Wundt proclaimed a strategic "alliance" between psychology and:

Accepted Answer

Wundt believed that psychology should be studied scientifically and empirically, which aligned closely with the methods used in physiology.

Question 12

Which of the following characteristics of German universities was most important in making it more open than other nation's systems of higher education to creation of psychology as a new, recognized, discipline?

Accepted Answer

The emphasis on innovative scientific research in German universities allowed for the recognition and establishment of psychology as a new discipline. This focus on scientific research and experimentation provided a favorable environment for the development of a new field like psychology.

Question 13

One attitude of German psychologists themselves also inhibited the growth of psychology in Germany prior to WW II. This attitude was their belief that psychology:

Accepted Answer

German psychologists before World War II often held the belief that psychology should be a pure science, focusing on theoretical aspects rather than practical applications. This perspective contributed to the slow development of applied psychology in Germany during that period.

Question 14

In the text, it was suggested that many of the first psychologists, including Wundt, who first set foot on the path through physiology later abandoned it because:

Accepted Answer

Many early psychologists, including Wundt, were initially drawn to the physiological approach in psychology but later abandoned it because they feared that if psychology became too closely tied to physiology, it might lose its autonomy and be assimilated into physiology as a subfield.

Question 15

Match research method criticized or used by Wundt to its description.
-armchair introspection

Accepted Answer

Wundt criticized armchair introspection, which was a method used by philosophers, for its lack of scientific rigor and empirical evidence. He advocated for experimental methods to study the mind.

Question 16

Match research method criticized or used by Wundt to its description.
-experimental introspection

Accepted Answer

Experimental introspection was a research method used by Wundt to study consciousness in the laboratory.

Question 17

Match research method criticized or used by Wundt to its description.
-comparative-psychological methods

Accepted Answer

Comparative-psychological methods involve studying animals, children, and those with mental illness to understand how the mind works. This method was criticized by Wundt because he believed that consciousness could only be studied in the laboratory through introspection.

Question 18

Match research method criticized or used by Wundt to its description.
-Völkerpsychology

Accepted Answer

Völkerpsychology refers to the cross-cultural and historical study of the higher mental processes, including language, religion, and art among different peoples and periods. This method was criticized by behaviorists who argued that psychology should focus on observable behaviors rather than subjective experiences. However, Wundt believed that understanding the unique cultural and historical contexts of mental processes was crucial for developing a comprehensive understanding of psychology.

Question 19

Although psychology got started as a science in Germany, it did not grow quickly, especially compared to psychology in America. Which of the following factors was MOST IMPORTANT in inhibiting the growth of psychology in Germany?

Accepted Answer

The traditional examination system in Germany made it difficult for psychology to gain recognition as a legitimate profession. This system only recognized traditional professions, making it hard for psychologists to find jobs or gain funding for research. This hindered the growth of psychology in Germany. While the other factors listed may have also played a role, the traditional examination system was the most important factor inhibiting the growth of psychology in Germany.

Question 20

As with Freud and James, Wundt's psychology changed over time by:

Accepted Answer

Wundt initially aimed to link mental processes to brain processes through introspection and experimental psychology. However, later on, he shifted his focus to cultural and societal factors in psychology, leading to a retreat from the initial goal mentioned in option A.

Quiz 8: The Psychology of Consciousness

The uniquely German concept of Bildung refers to:

The products of the German concept of Bildung were the Bildungsburgers. The Bildungsburgers could be thought of as:

One influence of Romanticism on German Universities was that professors were expected to get ahead by:

According to Figure 8.2 that shows a Google Ngram image for the incidence of the word psychology, ________.

According to the German sociologist Tonnies, the Bildungsburgers loved and feared/hated ___.

According to the German sociologist Tonnies, the Bildungsburgers loved and feared/hated _____.

As educated people the German Bildungsburgers did not reject mind and reason as Such, yet they tended to reject Newtonian science, the reason being:

Wundt viewed Americans as the emblems of "Gesellschaft", for Wundt the point of life was _____________.

Historian Fritz Ringer has drawn an analogy between German intellectuals of the nineteenth century and a similar class of ruling intellectuals, the:

For German Mandarin - Bildungsburgers, ___________ represented Gesellschaft at its worst.

In creating psychology as an independent discipline, Wundt proclaimed a strategic "alliance" between psychology and:

Which of the following characteristics of German universities was most important in making it more open than other nation's systems of higher education to creation of psychology as a new, recognized, discipline?

One attitude of German psychologists themselves also inhibited the growth of psychology in Germany prior to WW II. This attitude was their belief that psychology:

In the text, it was suggested that many of the first psychologists, including Wundt, who first set foot on the path through physiology later abandoned it because:

Match research method criticized or used by Wundt to its description. -armchair introspection

Match research method criticized or used by Wundt to its description. -experimental introspection

Match research method criticized or used by Wundt to its description. -comparative-psychological methods

Match research method criticized or used by Wundt to its description. -Völkerpsychology

Although psychology got started as a science in Germany, it did not grow quickly, especially compared to psychology in America. Which of the following factors was MOST IMPORTANT in inhibiting the growth of psychology in Germany?

As with Freud and James, Wundt's psychology changed over time by: